华北平原典型区土壤氟的形态及其分布特征

为了研究华北平原典型区小麦-玉米农田土壤氟的形态及其分布特征,采用连续化学提取方法,测定了采自该地区的耕作层土壤样品(0～30 cm)和剖面土壤样品氟含量.结果表明,研究区耕作层土壤总氟含量为338.31～781.67 mg·kg-1,平均含量为430.46 mg·kg-1.耕作层土壤中不同形态氟含量以残余态最高,其平均含量为402.73 mg·kg-1;其次为水溶态,平均含量为14.39 mg·kg-1,处于氟污染较高水平,可能会对人体健康和生态环境产生重要影响;再次为有机态和铁锰结合态,其平均含量分别为8.90 mg·kg-1和4.10 mg·kg-1;可交换态含量最低,其平均含量为0.33 mg·kg-1.耕作层土壤中水溶态氟含量与土壤pH、CEC呈正相关,与土壤黏粒含量呈负相关;铁锰结合态氟含量与土壤pH、CEC、土壤砂粒含量呈正相关,与黏粒含量呈负相关.逐步回归分析结果表明,土壤pH值对土壤水溶态氟和铁锰结合态氟含量影响最显著,土壤CEC对土壤总氟和残余态氟含量影响最为显著.土壤剖面总氟含量受土壤岩性变化控制,在包气带中呈现峰谷交替的变化特征;土壤剖面水溶态氟含量受土壤岩性变化较小,受土壤pH影响较大,各土壤剖面水溶态氟含量与土壤pH呈显著正相关,主要在靠近地表0～100 cm处变化.本研究可为该区域土壤氟污染防治提供科学依据,也为土壤氟的迁移转化、土壤氟对生态和环境的影响研究奠定了理论基础.

Fluorine Speciation and Its Distribution Characteristics in Selected Agricultural Soils of North China Plain

The objectives of this study were to study fluorine speciation and its distribution characteristics in the cultivated soils of wheat-corn fields at the typical areas, the North China Plain. The fluorine contents in cultivated soils and profile soils were measured by consecutive extraction. The results showed that the soil total fluorine (T-F) content at typical areas in the North China Plain ranged from 338.31 mg·kg^-1 to 781.67 mg·kg^-1, with a mean of 430.46 mg·kg^-1. The soil fluorine speciation with the highest content was Residual-Fluorine (Res-F), with a mean of 402.73 mg·kg^-1.The average content of Water soluble Fluorine (Ws-F) was 14.39 mg·kg^-1. The result indicated that the cultivated soil in the study area was at a relatively high fluoride pollution level, which may be harmful to human health and the ecological environment. The contents of Organic Fluorine (Or-F) and Fe/Mn Oxide-Fluorine (Fe/Mn-F) were also quite high, with a mean of 8.90 mg·kg^-1 and 4.10 mg·kg^-1, respectively. The exchangeable fluorine (Ex-F) only had a very small amount of 0.33 mg·kg^-1. Soil Ws-F was positively correlated with soil pH and CEC, while it was negatively correlated with the percentage of soil clay. The content of soil Fe/Mn-F was positively correlated with soil pH, CEC and the sand grain content percentage, while it was negatively correlated with the clay grain content percentage. The soil pH value had the most significant influence on the water soluble fluorine (Ws-F) and Fe/Mn Oxide-Fluorine (Fe/Mn-F), and the soil CEC had the most significant influence on the soil total fluorine (T-F) and residual-Fluorine (Res-F) by stepwise regression analysis. In the soil profiles, the T-F content appeared as peaks and valleys representing the change of the soil lithology in the vadose zone. The Ws-F in the soil profiles mainly changed in the depth of 0-100 cm near the surface soil and was little influenced by the soil lithology. But it was strongly influenced by the soil pH, and was positively correlated with the soil pH. This study can provide a scientific evidence for soil fluorine pollution, prevention and a theoretical basis for soil fluorine mobility and its influence on ecology and environment.