中庭式建筑紧急情况下人员安全疏散性能研究

为研究公共建筑紧急情况下人员安全疏散性能,建立模拟中庭式建筑人员疏散的二维随机元胞自动机模型,在模型中考虑人员距出口的距离、出口吸引力、人员绕行、墙壁和障碍物的排斥力等因素;对局部人员疏散受限区域,引入局部吸引力增强疏导。以由9个房间和一个中庭构成的建筑为例,计算紧急情况下人员的安全疏散性能,考虑局部吸引力和不考虑局部吸引力的结果进行比较。研究表明:元胞自动机模型能较好地模拟中庭建筑的人员疏散,得到各时刻人员分布情况和平均疏散时间,能反映出疏散过程中的"瓶颈"效应;排斥力和局部吸引力为受限区域人员提供正确的方向,模拟了疏散人群避开障碍物的智慧行为。

Research on Safety Evacuation Property of Atrium-style Building in Case of Emergency

In order to study the safety evacuation property of public buildings under emergency,the randomly two-dimensional cellular automaton model is developed to simulate personnel evacuation process in the atrium-style building.In this model,the distance between the evacuating person and the exit,attraction force of the exit,detour behavior and repulsion force of the wall and barrier have been considered.Also,the local attraction force is introduced to improve simulating evacuation of farer-restricted area apart from the exit.An atrium-style building with 9 rooms and a hall is chosen as an example.The personnel safe evacuation property of the building is simulated.The effect of local attraction force on personnel safe evacuation of the sample building is revealed.It shows that the randomly developed two-dimensional cellular automaton model can perfectly simulate the personnel evacuation process of the atrium-style building,work out the personnel distribution situation every moment in the evacuation,give the average evacuation time and reflect the effect of "bottleneck" in the evacuation.Also in overcrowded area,the local attraction force can direct evacuating people to the right direction efficiently,which perfectly simulates the intelligent behavior of people avoiding barrier during evacuation.