辽宁云水资源分布特征及开发潜力分析

我国淡水资源短缺,人口增长、经济发展与水资源短缺的矛盾日益加剧,已严重影响着我国部分地区经济和社会持续健康发展。人工增雨、开发空中云水资源是缓解水资源短缺的一个重要途径。文章利用辽宁省气象台站网的常规探空、云和降水的观测资料,计算、分析了辽宁云水资源的分布状况及开发潜力,结果显示全省云水资源总量年均为4.83×10¹¹m³,具有较多的作业机会和较大的人工增雨潜力,开发云水资源大有可为。

Study on the Distribution Characteristics and Developing Potential of Cloud Water Resource in Liaoning Province

There is a lack of fresh water in China and the contradictions between population growth and economic development with shortage of fresh water,become increasingly sharpened,hence affecting seriously the economy in some regions and social sustainable and healthy development in our country.Artificial precipitation-enhancement is an efficient approach to develop and make use of cloud water resource in the air and lighten water resource's shortage.Usual radiosonde data,cloud and surface precipitation data offered by the meteorological observation net of Liaoning Province are used in this paper,and the distribution and developing potential of Liaoning cloud water resource is calculated and analyzed.The results indicated that: (1)The total cloud water resource in Liaoning Province is about 483 billion m³,being basically at the average level of the whole country,and the it is about 285.7 billion m³ in summer,or more than 59% of the years total.(2)The unit area available cloud water resource is the highest in the southeastern mountain regions of Liaoning,being about 500×10⁴m³/km²;and central plain and inland coastal zone come the second,being about 350×10⁴m³/km²;and the least is in the northwestern part,being only about 260×10⁴m³/ km².(3)From May to October,the amount of cloud water resource in the precipitation processes persisting of over 2h accounts for 89% and we can modify these processes by rocket.The amount of cloud water resource in the processes persisting of over 5h makes up 48%and there are quite a great deal of seeding operation opportunities by aircraft.(4)Generally,the ratio of the occurrence frequency of the precipitation processes unsuitable for operating because of their short-time persistence or heavy rainfall intensity is about 31%,and the amount of cloud water resource of these processes is about 20% of the total.(5)The precipitation processes causing about 80% of the amount of cloud water resource is adequate for artificial operating.If the efficiency of artificial precipitation is 10%,then about 8.0 billion m³ of cloud water can be developed in Liaoning every year.If the efficiency of artificial precipitation is increased by 25%,then about 9.0 billion m³ of cloud water can be developed each year. Thus,it is possible to exploit Liaoning's cloud water resource to lighten water resource's shortage.