三峡库区及上游流域面源污染特征与防治策略

三峡水库自2003年蓄水运行以来，富营养化问题突出，面源污染防治愈发受到关注。依托2004、2005年生态环境调查成果，在分析三峡库区及其上游流域（简称三峡地区）面源污染负荷特征、面源污染发生原因的基础上，提出了区域面源污染防治策略。研究结果表明：入库污染负荷总量组成中，面源贡献占绝对优势；空间分布上，上游长江干流、嘉陵江及乌江流域贡献占绝对优势，库区区间贡献较小；形态特征上，氮对水体的影响以溶解态为主，磷对水体的影响以颗粒态为主。从面源污染发生过程来看，三峡地区生态环境脆弱、土地利用不合理为土壤侵蚀、污染物迁移转化提供了先决条件；而农村经济增长迅速、耕作管理技术落后亦增大了面源污染的风险。结合上述分析以及三峡地区实际情况，针对性地提出污染控制分区策略、工程措施治理策略、生态经济培育策略、农业耕作管理策略，旨在为三峡水库长效环境保护提供借鉴.

CHARACTERISTICS AND ADMINISTRATIVE STRATEGY OF NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION IN THREE GORGES RESERVOIR AND ITS UPSTREAM WATERSHED

With the increasingly obvious eutrophication in Three Gorges Reservoir after impounding water in 2003,more importance was attached to Non-point Source(NPS) pollution control.Resting on the eco-environment investigation in 2004 and 2005,characteristics of NPS pollutant influx and cause of the pollutants were studied for Three Gorges Reservoir and its upstream watershed(Three Gorges region).Administrative strategies for the pollution were also discussed.As a result,NPS contributes much more than point source ...