富营养浅水湖泊的退化与生态恢复

初步讨论了富营养浅水湖泊的退化现象的造成退化的主要原因，对湖泊生态恢复的目标和对策等问题也作了探讨，以武汉东湖为例，提出以水源保护地为主要功能的富营养浅水胡泊的恢复和整体优化对策，即恢复沉水植被、建立控制面源污染的半自然的人工湿地生态系统，优化水产养殖结构和恢复湖泊生物多样性等。对生物操纵在长江中下游富营养浅水湖泊恢复中的作用也进行了讨论。

ON THE DEGRADATION AND RESTORATION OF SHALLOW EUTROPHIC CHINESE LAKES

The present paper deals with the degradation and ecological restoration of shallow eutrophic lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The main causes of the degradation of lake ecosystems are considered to be the progressive artificial eutrophication, the blockage between lake and river resulting from the construction of sluice gate, and the irrational fishery manipulation. The degradation is generally characterized by the decline of aquatic macrophytes and biodiversity, the overgrowth of algae, and the ensuing deterioration of water quality, which impose detrimental effects on the lake functions. It is suggested that revegetation combined with the overall optimization of aquaculture and the structure of ecosystem should be undertaken to restore the degraded ecosystem and redress the equilibrium of ecosystem. The restoration and maintenance of the dominance of submerged macrophytes have been considered to be the optimum choice for the lakes which are mainly used as drinking water source, and the construction of a semi natural wetland system has been put foward to control the diffuse pollution.