Distribution and Statistical Analysis of Leachable and Total Heavy Metals in the Sediments of the Suez Gulf |
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Authors: | Ahmed El Nemr Azza Khaled Amany El Sikaily |
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Institution: | (1) Environmental Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Kayet Bay, El-Anfushy, Alexandria, Egypt |
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Abstract: | The concentrations of nine heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pd and Zn) in the labile and total fractions of muddy
and sandy sediment samples collected from twelve sites in Suez Gulf during April 1999 were studied to evaluate the pollution
status of the Suez Gulf. The enrichment factors (EF) for each element were calculated. There are extremely high concentrations
of Cd, Ni, Pb and slightly concentration of Cr and Cu in both muddy and sandy sediments. The concentration of Zn was moderately
high and can be considered as seriously contaminate Metal pollution index (MPI) shows high values ranged between 46 to 156
and 40 to 232 for both sandy and muddy sediments, respectively. Concentrations of heavy metals were normalized against iron
for total fraction in both of sandy and muddy sediments. Principal component analysis (PCA) was studied on the data matrix
obtained and represented three-factor model explaining 92.22% for labile and 88.82% for total fractions of muddy sediment.
The main source of contamination is the offshore oil fields and industrial wastes. This is largely a result of ineffective
and inefficient operation equipment, illegal discharge of dirty ballast water from tankers and lack of supervision and prosecution
of offenders. |
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Keywords: | factor analysis heavy metals leachable muddy sediment pollution assessment sandy sediment Suez Gulf |
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