城市水价研究的理论与实践——以济南市自来水价研究为例

在分析水资源价值的基础上,重点阐明合理的水资源价格应由水资源价值、供水成本、外部成本和机会成本四部分构成;进而针对目前济南市水价中存在的问题,提出合理的水资源费征收标准应按地表水水资源费、地下水水资源费和引黄水水资源费分别制定,以使水资源费全面体现水资源价值;污水处理费征收标准应提高到包括工程费、服务费和资本费在内的水平,以补偿污水处理成本;改革现行的计划定价法和成本定价法这两种不合理的水价制定方法;实行季节水价、两部制水价和阶梯式计量水价,使水价反映水资源开发利用成本和条件的变化,以促进全社会节约用水。

A theoretical and practical study on urban water price--Taking price of running water in Jinan as a case

Based on the analysis of the value of water resources,the view that reasonable wa ter price consists of the valuation of water resources,water supply cost,external cost and opportunity cost is clarified.As many problems concerning water price exist in Jinan,standards of reason-able water resources charge should be worked out including the charges of surface water re-sources,underground water resources and channeling water resources from Yellow River.Criteri-ons of the charge for sewage treatment should be raised.The existing unreasonable water pricing methods must be reformed.In order to impel the whole society to economically use water re-sources,the seasonal water price and water price formulated according to the quantity of con-suming water should be put into practice.