鄱阳湖夏候鸟小白鹭对环境样品中重金属的富集研究

通过采集鄱阳湖区北、中、南段小白鹭栖息区域（都昌县多宝乡洞子李村、鄱阳县珠湖乡瓢里山、进贤县前坊镇西湖李家）的环境样品（水样、土壤以及小白鹭食物）与小白鹭羽毛和蛋壳样本，分析其中Pb、Cu、Zn、Cd、V、Cr、Ni和As 8种重金属元素含量，判定鄱阳湖湿地环境中重金属污染状况及生物富集特征。研究表明，环境样品中土壤样品中的重金属含量符合国家Ⅱ类土壤标准，鄱阳湖水样重金属含量在Ⅰ类地表水标准范围之内，仅小白鹭食物（小鱼虾：小河虾、小鲫鱼、小八须鱼等）中的重金属含量高于国家食品标准。小白鹭对环境中重金属污染物的富集表现为：除3个采样点小白鹭羽毛中Cr元素，瓢里山与青岚湖采样点小白鹭蛋壳中Cu元素对其食物的富集系数>1，构成富集外，其他重金属元素均不构成富集，但小白鹭羽毛和蛋壳中的各重金属元素对水样的富集系数为14628～8 00610，富集程度较高。而水体样品中的各重金属在小白鹭食物样品中均存在富集，系数高达51716～14 21937

RESEARCH ON ENRICHMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN LITTLE EGRET OF THE POYANG LAKE

Under the rapid economic development, in order to coordinate the relationship between regional economic development and environmental protection, this paper explored the environmental pollution of Poyang Lake wetland. Little egret and its habitat in the Poyang Lake wetland was served as biological indicators, to directed the migratory of heavy metals in ecological chain. Concentrations of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, V, Cr, Ni and As were determined based on the analysis of little egrets samples (feathers, eggshells) and environmental samples (water, soil, little egrets food) which were collected from the representative sites of little egret habitats: the county of Dongzili, the mountain of Piaoli and Qinglan lake in Poyang lake wetland. The results showed that the content of every heavy metals in soil was lower than the standards of class Ⅱ soil standard, the content of every heavy metals in water was significantly lower than the National Water Quality Standard, but the content of every heavy metals in little egrets food (included little shrimp, little Carp, little Catfish and etc.) exceeded the National food Quality Standard. It showed that little egrets habitat still presents a certain degree of heavy metal pollution, which is caused by industrial activities in the coastal area of five river basin such as the Dexing Copper Mine. And the results of enrichment coefficients of heavy metals showed that: the enrichment of heavy metals in feathers of the little egret in its food is less than 1, could not constituted enrichment, except Cr and Cu was constituted enrichment. But the enrichment of little egrets samples in water was reached a high degree, the coefficients was ranged in 14628-8 00610, which reached a high level. Overall the enrichment coefficients of little egrets food in water were highest in all samples, the enrichment ranged in 51716-14 21937. It indicated that the content of heavy metals in water samples and in food samples little egret (fish, shrimp) present a strong enrichment. While the fish, shrimp creature in water were directly consumed by little egrets. This caused a high concentrations of heavy metals in egrets body, and its also the main reason affected the health of wetlands mainly higher organisms. Living environment of human was influenced by the utilization of rich resources in the Poyang Lake. Hence, the pollution of the Poyang Lake also self evident impacted human beings. The little egrets, which as wetland birds with higher vertebrates, its food were similar with senior biological human diet, which in the top of the food chain. The little egrets as a biological indicators in eco environment reflects the wetland ecological environment pollution levels and the relationship to human health has several positive significance