近20年来湘江水质变化分析

根据1981~2000年湘江的水质监测数据，选用危害较大的10项污染指标，采用均值指数法对近20年来湘江水质变化进行了分析，并对湘江干流不同河段水质进行了比较。结果表明：湘江总体水质在20世纪90年代呈恶化趋势，致使污染加剧的主要因子是总大肠菌群、总磷、石油类和总汞；主要污染源为工业污染和生活废水污染，近年来生活废水污染日益突出，工业污染中重金属污染明显；在干流不同河段中，株洲、湘潭和长沙河段污染最为严重；估计未来湘江的生活污染和农业污染还会加剧。因此，为确保经济和环境协调发展，湘江污染治理任务依然任重道远。在加大宣传力度，提高公民环境意识，加快城市污水处理设施建设和发展生态农业的同时，应将湘江流域城市生态水源建设提上议事日程。

ANALYSIS ON THE WATER QUALITY CHANGES IN THE XIANGJIANG RIVER FROM 1981 TO 2000

According to the monitoring data in the Xiangjiang River from 1981 to 2000, selecting ten main pollutants, employing average pollution index method, the authors analyzed the water quality change in the Xiangjiang River from 1981 to 2000 and compared the water quality of different river sections in its mainstream. The results show that: (1) the overall water quality in the Xiangjiang River had become worse during the 1990s and the main pollutants which caused aggravating pollution were total coliforms, total phosphorus, petroleum and total hydrargyrum ; (2) the main pollution sources were living pollution, which increased evidently in recent years, and industry pollution, of which heavy metal pollution is evident; (3) among the mainstream of the Xiangjiang River , river sections in Zhuzhou, Xiangtan and Changsha suffered from the most serious pollution; (4) it is forecasted that living pollution and agriculture pollution will become more serious in the future. Therefore, there is still a long way to go in order to ensure the harmonious development between economy and environment. While doing more propaganda, enhancing citizens' environmental awareness, speeding the construction of urban sewage water treatment installation and developing ecological agriculture, the construction of urban ecological water sources should be placed on the agenda.