分布式TOPMODEL模型在清江流域降雨径流模拟中的应用

以清江流域上游为研究区域,探讨TOPMODEL模型在大流域的应用;对比了SRTM和地形图两种DEM数据在流域地形指数计算及降雨径流模拟中的差异,结果表明,虽然不同DEM计算得到的地形指数和模型率定参数存在较大差异,但是模拟效率基本相同,SRTM数据作为全球覆盖的免费高分辨率DEM数据将极大促进TOP-MODEL模型的应用;分析了TOPMODEL模型在大流域中应用存在的局限性,在此基础上,构建了基于子流域的松散耦合的分布式TOPMODEL模型,提出了利用流域实际下垫面数据进行模型参数率定的方法,探讨了子流域划分详细程度对模拟结果的影响,结果表明,分布式TOPMODEL模型充分考虑了流域降雨和下垫面属性空间不均匀性对水文过程的影响,模拟效率高于传统TOPMODEL模型,随着子流域数目的增加,模型在率定期和校验期的效率均呈上升趋势,但是到达一定程度之后,受降雨等输入参数及模型计算误差所限,增加子流域个数不能继续提高模拟效率。

RAINFALL RUNOFF MODELING IN QINGJIANG CATCHMENT WITH DISTRIBUTED TOPMODEL

TOPMODEL,a semi-distributed hydrological model,was applied in the Qingjiang headwater catchment in order to evaluate its performance for rainfall runoff simulation in large catchments.SRTM digital elevation model(DEM) and DEM derived from topographic contours were used for topographic index computation and rainfall runoff simulation.The result shows that although the topographic indexes and calibrated parameters were much different,the simulation efficiencies were almost the same with both DEMs.As a free ne...