土壤环境中微塑料的污染现状及其影响研究进展

微塑料作为一种持久性污染物，对土壤生态系统具有严重影响，土壤中微塑料的污染已愈加受到国内外学者的广泛关注。当前关于土壤环境中微塑料的研究较少，针对当前土壤中微塑料的来源、分布、降解迁移、生态效应及污染防治等方面进行综述。主要包括以下几个方面:1）概括土壤生态系统中微塑料的来源、分布特点和迁移降解规律，确定了土壤环境中微塑料的赋存状态；2）总结土壤生态系统中微塑料与其他污染物的复合效应；3）分析了微塑料对土壤理化性质、动物、植物、微生物的影响，并揭示了微塑料对于土壤生态系统的影响；4）根据土壤微塑料的分布特点、降解迁移及生态效应提出污染防治措施。最后，对今后土壤微塑料的研究重点进行了展望。

MICROPLASTICS IN SOIL ECOSYSTEM: A REVIEW ON SOURCES,FATE AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACT

As the refractory persistent pollutants, microplastics had serious impacts on soil ecosystem with the increasing concern. Recently, few studies on microplastic effects on soil ecosystem were available. This review focused on recent progress in the sources, distribution, migration degradation, ecological effects and pollution prevention of microplastics in soils. These mainly reflected as follows:1) The main sources, distribution and migration degradation characteristics of microplastics in soil ecosystem were summarized. And the fate characteristics of microplastics in soil ecosystem were revealed; 2) The combined effect of microplastics with other pollutants in soil ecosystem were summarized; 3) The effects of microplastics on soil physical and chemical properties, animals, plants and microorganisms were analyzed, and the influences of microplastics on soil ecosystem were revealed; 4) According to the distribution, degradation, migration and ecological effect of microplastics in soil ecosystem, the pollution prevention measures were proposed. Finally, the paper proposed the research priorities on the soil microplastics in future.