短期有机冲击下船用景观一体化反硝化除磷装置的处理效能

为高效、稳定处理船舶生活污水，研究了船用景观一体化反硝化除磷装置面对短期水质波动的效能变化，采用富集反硝化聚磷菌(DPAOs)的ABR-CSTR连续流组合工艺耦合生态单元处理船舶生活污水，对比了ABR进水容积负荷(VLR)为1.2 kg·(m³·d)⁻¹、COD为350 mg·L⁻¹的基准条件，通过短期内提高进水中有机底物的浓度，来模拟1.5倍和2.0倍进水有机负荷的有机冲击，此外通过控制硝化液回流比及溶解氧获得应对冲击的调控策略。结果表明：在2种短期冲击下，COD去除率分别为94.1%和92.6%，出水BOD和TN可达标，生物单元出水磷平均为0.76 mg·L⁻¹和1.14 mg·L⁻¹，缺氧吸磷量为7.13 mg·L⁻¹和5.82 mg·L⁻¹，生态单元可深度降解氮磷及缓冲波动；在1.5倍VLR下，调整硝化液回流比由200%至300%，反硝化吸磷量由7.10 mg·L⁻¹升至7.41 mg·L⁻¹，在2.0倍冲击下，提高硝化液回流比对系统除磷帮助甚微，将DO从1.5 mg·L⁻¹升至2.0 mg·L⁻¹，吸磷量由5.17 mg·L⁻¹升至6.01 mg·L⁻¹，系统反硝化除磷效果得以提升；污泥特性方面，ABR内MLVSS/MLSS比值和EPS量随有机底物浓度的提高而上升，厌氧段EPS增幅最大，可由154.5 mg·g⁻¹升至164.2 mg·g⁻¹和183.4 mg·g ⁻¹。ABR-CSTR-生态单元一体化装置面对短期有机冲击具有稳定处理效果，研究结果可为船舶生活污水的治理提供参考。

Treatment efficiency of ship-landscape integrated denitrifying phosphorus removal device for under short-term organic shock

In order to treat the ship domestic sewage efficiently and stably, the efficiency of the ship-landscape integrated denitrifying phosphorus removal device under short-term water quality fluctuation was studied. The ABR-CSTR continuous flow combined process enriching denitrifying phosphorus accumulating bacteria (DPAOs) coupled with ecological unit was used to treat ship domestic sewage. Compared with the benchmark conditions of ABR inlet volume load rate (VLR) of 1.2 kg·(m3·d)−1 and COD of 350 mg·L−1, the increase of organic concentration was used to simulate organic short-term shocks of 1.5 and 2.0 times VLR, at the same time, the nitrification reflux ratio (R2) and dissolved oxygen (DO) were controlled to obtain the regulative strategies for coping with the shocks. The results showed that the COD removal rates were 94.1% and 92.6% under two short-term shocks, the effluent BOD and TN could meet the standard. The average phosphorus concentrations of effluents from biological treatment units were 0.76 mg·L−1and 1.14 mg·L−1, respectively, and the anoxic phosphorus absorption amounts were 7.13 mg·L−1 and 5.82 mg·L−1, respectively. The ecological unit could deeply remove nitrogen and phosphorus and buffer the fluctuations. At 1.5 time VLR, the denitrifying phosphorus absorption amount increased from 7.10 mg·L−1 to 7.41 mg·L−1 when R2 was adjusted from 200% to 300%. Under 2.0 time VLR shock, the increase of R2 did not significantly improve the phosphorus removal efficiency of system. When DO increased from 1.5 mg·L−1 to 2.0 mg·L−1, the phosphorus absorption amount could increased from 5.17 mg·L−1 to 6.01 mg·L−1, the denitrifying phosphorus removal effect of the system was improved. In terms of sludge characteristics, the MLVSS/MLSS ratio and microbial EPS content of ABR increased with the increase of organic substrate concentration, and the largest increase in EPS content occurred in the anaerobic compartment sludge, which increased from an average of 154.5 mg·g−1 to 170.2 mg·g−1 and 183.4 mg·g−1. The ABR-CSTR-ecological unit integrated device has a stable treatment effect in the face of short-term organic shock, and provides a certain theoretical guidance value for the ship domestic sewage treatment.