Energy allocation in a reef coral under varying resource availability |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Sebastian?LeuzingerEmail author Bette?L?Willis Kenneth?R?N?Anthony |
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Institution: | (1) ETH Zurich, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;(2) School of Tropical and Marine Biology, and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia;(3) Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia |
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Abstract: | An organism’s pattern of resource allocation to reproduction and growth over time critically impacts on its lifetime reproductive
success. During times of low resource availability, there are two fundamental, mutually exclusive strategies of energy investment:
maintenance of somatic tissues to support survival and later reproduction or investment into an immediate reproductive event
at the risk of subsequent death. Here, we examine energy allocation patterns in the coral Montipora digitata to determine whether energy investment during periods of resource shortage favours growth or reproduction in a sessile, modular
marine species. We manipulated light regimes (two levels of shading) on plots within a shallow reef flat habitat (Orpheus
Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia) and quantified energy uptake (rates of net photosynthesis), energy investment into
reproduction (E
R
), tissue growth per unit surface area (E
T
) and energy channelled into calcification (E
C
). With declining resource availability (i.e. reduced photosynthesis), relative energy investment shifted from high (~80%)
allocation to tissue growth (E
R
:E
T
:E
C
= 11:81:8%) to an increasing proportion channelled into reproduction and skeletal growth (20:31:49%). At the lowest light
regime, calcification was maintained but reproduction was halted and thus energy content per unit surface area of tissue declined,
although no mortality was observed. The changing hierarchy in energy allocation among life functions with increasing resource
limitation found here for an autotrophic coral, culminating in cessation of reproduction when limitations are severe, stands
in contrast to observations from annual plants. However, the strategy may be optimal for maximising fitness components (growth,
reproduction and survival) through time in marine modular animals. |
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Keywords: | |
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