Determining the viability of marine protists using a combination of vital, fluorescent stains |
| |
Authors: | Mia K Steinberg Edward J Lemieux and Lisa A Drake |
| |
Institution: | (1) Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6130, Chemistry Division, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA;(2) Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6136, Chemistry Division, Trumbo Point Annex, F-14, Key West, FL 33040, USA; |
| |
Abstract: | Determining the viability of protists and small microzooplankton has long been a focus of studies in marine biology and ecology.
It is especially relevant in the issue of shipborne invasive species, and impending international guidelines and various national
regulations on the allowable concentrations of organisms in discharged ballast water have spurred the growth of an industry
that develops and manufactures ballast water management systems. The success of management systems and ability of ships to
meet ballast water discharge standards is determined by the number of viable organisms in treated water. Here, we propose
combining two vital, fluorescent stains (fluorescein diacetate FDA] and 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate CMFDA]) with
direct microscopic observation to enumerate viable organisms ≥10 and <50 μm in minimum dimension (nominally protists). This
approach was validated in four locations in the United States to determine the efficacy of the stains. Although the accuracy
of the stains varied by geographic location and the taxonomic composition of the planktonic assemblage, combining fluorescent
stains is a robust, powerful tool that can be optimized for the species present at each location. While this method was developed
for analyzing viable organisms in treated ballast water, it may also be used or adapted for any field of research that examines
a broad taxonomic range of autotrophic and heterotrophic plankton. |
| |
Keywords: | |
本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |
|