基于QRA角度评价LNG储罐类型的选择

为提高LNG储存的安全性,基于QRA(定量风险评价),利用应急危险定位分析软件分别进行了LNG中小型储罐及大型储槽泄漏事故分析和LNG带压储罐充注压力专项对比分析。结果表明:立式圆柱常压储罐应选择高径比接近于1的罐体而压力罐的选择受高径比的影响很小;当对常压储罐高度有要求时,球形罐是比立式圆柱罐更好的选择;在大型LNG储槽中,常压储槽自身压力很大,可以起到抑制BOG(蒸发气体)产生的作用;在饱和状态下,压力罐的充注压力并非越小越好,需进行针对性分析计算,选取最适合的充注与设计压力。掌握LNG储罐事故后果与罐体形状与类型之间的关系可加强并丰富对其储罐类型选择的认识,可较好的为提高其储存安全性提供数据支撑与理论基础。

Evaluation of LNG Tank Type Selection Based on QRA

In order to improve the safety of storage of LNG,based on QRA(Quantitative Risk Analysis),this thesis analyzes the leakage accidents of small,medium-sized and different pressure LNG storage tanks respectively by using emergency hazard location analysis software.The results show that,While the vertical cylindrical atmospheric storage tank should select the tank with the ratio of height to diameter close to 1,the ratio of height has little effect on pressure vessel;the spherical tank is a better choice than the cylindrical tank when there is a requirement for the height of the atmospheric tank;in the large LNG storage tank,the atmospheric storage tank is a more cost-effective choice currently for itself has a large pressure,which can inhibit the generation of BOG;in the saturated state,the filling pressure of the pressure tank is not the smaller the better,so specific analysis and calculation should be conducted to select the most suitable filling and design pressure.Understanding the relationship between the consequences of LNG tank accidents and tank shape and type can strengthen and enrich the understanding of tank type selection,which can better provide data support and theoretical basis for improving its storage security.