重庆市2004年的水足迹分析

把水足迹分析方法作为一个实用的工具，用来分析一个国家或地区的生产结构或消费方式是如何影响水资源的利用，是当前国际水资源领域研究的一个热点。而研究一个国家或地区如何通过客观评价水足迹来减少国内水资源压力、如何通过虚拟水贸易来获得最大的利益则是水足迹分析方法的两个发展方向。首先介绍了水足迹分析法的基本理论和研究方法，接着计算了重庆市2004年的水足迹。结果表明，重庆市2004年的水足迹为37017×108 m3，人均水足迹为1 177 m3／a，水自给率为9869％，过高的水足迹和自给率给重庆市的水资源带来巨大的压力。同时也分析了产生这么高水足迹的原因，并探讨了水足迹对重庆市水资源管理的启示和战略意义。最后对该方法及其应用前景进行了评价。

WATER FOOTPRINT ANALYSIS OF CHONGQING CITY IN 2004

The water footprint concept was introduced by Hoekstra in 2002 in order to have a consumption based indicator of water use that could provide useful information in addition to the traditional production sector based indicators of water use.Since not all goods consumed in one particular country are produced in that country，the water footprint consists of two parts：use of domestic water resources and use of water outside the borders of the country.In order to give a complete picture of water use，the water footprint includes both the water withdrawn from surface and groundwater and the use of soil water (in agricultural production).The water footprint concept is closely linked to the virtual water concept.Virtual water is defined as tile volume of water required to produce a commodity or service.In this study，the water footprint concept，as a practical tool，was employed to analyze how consumption patterns may affect the water use.How a country can evaluate its internal water footprint in order to reduce the pressure on domestic water resources and how a country can profit from its relative abundance of water by exporting water rich commodities，form two developing directions of water footprint concept.This paper thus introduced the conception and computation of water footprint analysis.Then the water footprint of Chongqing City in 2004 was calculated as a model.The water footprint of Chongqing City in 2004 is 37017×108 m3，1 177 m3 per capita available.The water self sufficiency is 9861％ in this city，which is not very appreciate for Chongqing City because water is very scarce in this region.Factors affecting water footprint were analyzed，and the revelation and significance of water footprint in the water administration of Chongqing were discussed.The application prospect of water footprint for estimating water resource management was also analyzed at last.