基于PMF模型的垃圾焚烧厂周边农田土壤重金属源解析

为调查垃圾焚烧厂周边农田土壤重金属污染特征和来源，用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）和原子荧光光谱法（AFS）分析了厦门市某垃圾焚烧厂周边农田表层土壤（0~20 cm）中V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb和Hg的含量，用Kriging插值法分析了上述元素的空间分布特征，用地累积指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、富集因子法和潜在生态风险指数法对重金属污染程度和生态风险进行了评价，运用聚类分析、主成分分析和PMF模型相结合的方法探究了重金属来源.结果表明，Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Hg的含量平均值分别是厦门土壤元素背景值的1.96、1.52、5.95、3.38和3.65倍.地累积指数结果表明，研究区以As污染为主，Hg和Cd污染次之；内梅罗综合污染指数结果表明，研究区重金属的综合污染程度为中度至重度污染；研究区表层土壤重金属富集程度较高，As、Hg、Cd和Cu有显著富集；研究区表层土壤重金属潜在生态风险较高，Hg和Cd是主要风险因子，As次之，高风险区主要位于研究区南部.研究区表层土壤重金属主要来源为垃圾焚烧、交通源、自然源和农业源的混合源以及燃煤源，贡献率分别为28.42%、27.22%、26.29%和18.07%.

Source Analysis of Heavy Metals in Farmland Soil Around a Waste Incineration Plant Based on PMF Model

In order to investigate the characteristics and sources of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil around a waste incineration plant, the contents of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and Hg in the topsoil (0-20 cm) surrounding a waste incineration plant in Xiamen city were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). The spatial distribution characteristics of the above elements were analyzed using the Kriging interpolation method. Several assessment methods including, the geo-accumulation index, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index, enrichment factor, and potential ecological risk index, were used to evaluate the pollution degree and ecological risk of heavy metals. Clustering analysis, principal component analysis, and a PMF model were employed to explore the sources of heavy metals. The results showed that the average contents of Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Hg were 1.96, 1.52, 5.95, 3.38, and 3.65 times the background values of Xiamen soil elements, respectively. The results of the geo-accumulation index indicated that As was the dominant pollution element in the study area, followed by Hg and Cd. The results of the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index suggested that the comprehensive pollution degree of heavy metals in the study area was moderate to heavy pollution. The enrichment degree of heavy metals in the study area was relatively high, with As, Hg, Cd, and Cu showing significant enrichment. The regional potential ecological risk was higher with the main potential ecological risk factors of Hg and Cd, followed by that of As. Additionally, the high-risk area was mainly located in the southern part of the study area. The main sources of heavy metals in the study area were waste incineration, traffic, the mixture of natural and agricultural sources, and coal combustion, with contributing rates of 28.42%, 27.22%, 26.29%, and 18.07%, respectively.