疫情背景下长江中游地区典型饮用水源中PPCPs分布特征与风险评估

对新冠疫情（COVID-19）背景下长江中游武汉段的18个集中式饮用水源地共26个采样点进行水体样品采集.采用超高效液相色谱三重四极杆串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）对样品中的药品与个人护理品（PPCPs）的31种物质进行检测，分析了PPCPs的污染特征和生态与健康风险.结果表明，在26个采样点中，共检出23种PPCPs，其中有5种物质在所有点位均有检出，ΣPPCPs浓度范围介于102.44~745.78 ng·L^-1，平均值为206.87 ng·L^-1.检出污染物浓度最高的物质为水杨酸和强力霉素，浓度范围介于28.24~534.24 ng·L^-1和28.72~416.60 ng·L^-1.从空间分布来看，汉江抗生素类PPCPs浓度整体高于长江，而其他种类PPCPs，则表现为长江较高于汉江.生态风险评价结果表明，汉江的生态风险高于长江，藻类风险水平高于无脊椎动物和鱼类，其中水杨酸、强力霉素、林可霉素和金霉素对藻类风险水平较高.健康风险评价结果表明，饮水途径对成人及儿童产生的风险范围分别介于1.14×10^-4~1.36×10^-1和1.04×10^-4~8.21×10^-1，风险水平总体较低，但儿童健康风险高于成人，需要引起重视.通过与近年来长江和汉江流域PPCPs的检出情况对比，疫情背景下长江武汉段PPCPs的污染水平属于中等水平，汉江武汉段的PPCPs污染水平较高.

Pollution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of PPCPs in Typical Drinking Water Sources in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River During the COVID-19 Pandemic

During the COVID-19 pandemic, water samples were collected from 26 sampling points in 18 typical drinking water sources in Wuhan, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) methods were used to measure the concentrations of 31 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the water samples. The pollution characteristics of PPCPs were analyzed and their ecological and health risks were assessed. The results showed that a total of 23 PPCPs were detected in the 26 sampling points. Among them, five types of PPCPs were detected with a detection rate of 100%, with total concentrations ranging from 102.44 ng·L^-1to 745.78ng·L^-1, and the average concentration was 206.87 ng·L^-1. The highest concentrations were in salicylic acid (SA) and doxycycline (DOC), ranging from 28.24 to 534.24 ng·L^-1and 28.72 to 416.6 ng·L^-1, respectively. According to the spatial distribution of PPCPs, the concentration of antibiotics in the Hanjiang River was higher than that in the Yangtze River, whereas the concentration of other types of PPCPs in the Yangtze River was higher than that in the Hanjiang River. The ecological risk assessment results showed that the toxic risk in algae was higher than those in invertebrates and fish. The risks of salicylic acid (SA), doxycycline (DOC), lincomycin (LIN), and chlortetracycline (CTE) to algae were at a high level, and the ecological risk of PPCPs in the Hanjiang River was generally higher than that in the Yangtze River. The health risk assessment results showed that the risk to adults and children by drinking water ranged from 1.14×10^-4to 0.136 and from 1.04×10^-4to 0.821, respectively. The health risk to children was higher than that to adults, although their levels were low. Compared with the concentrations of PPCPs in drinking water sources of Wuhan in recent years, under the COVID-19 pandemic, the pollution status of PPCPs in the Yangtze River was at a medium level, whereas it was at a high level in the Hanjiang River.