嘉陵江滨岸带不同土地利用类型土壤真菌群落结构与功能多样性

通过明确嘉陵江滨岸带不同土地利用类型土壤真菌群落多样性的差异，为嘉陵江生态环境保护修复提供理论依据.选择嘉陵江中下游滨岸带的人工湿地、天然湿地、林地和农田这4种典型土地利用类型作为研究样地，利用高通量测序技术对土壤真菌群落进行测序，分析不同土地利用类型对土壤真菌群落多样性、结构和功能的影响.结果表明，林地与天然湿地土壤真菌的Chao1指数显著高于其他两种土地利用类型（P<0.05），林地土壤真菌的Shannon指数显著高于农田和人工湿地两种土地利用类型（P<0.05）；嘉陵江流域滨岸带土壤真菌被划分为15个菌门，在门分类水平上的优势真菌群落（相对丰度>0.01）分别为：子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota）、油壶菌门（Olpidiomycota）、罗兹菌门（Rozellomycota）、被孢霉门（Mortierellomycota）和壶菌门（Chytridiomycota）；相比之下，罗兹菌门偏好选择林地生境，而油壶菌门和被孢霉门偏好选择农田，担子菌门在人工湿地具有显著优势；天然湿地中的优势功能类群为植物病原菌，人工湿地中的优势功能类群为粪腐菌，农田中优势功能类群为动物病原菌-真菌寄生菌；冗余分析表明，土壤含水率（MC）、全氮（TN）、有机碳（TOC）和碱解氮（AN）是影响真菌群落变化的主要环境因子.由此可见，林地是嘉陵江流域真菌多样性最高和功能类群最均衡的土地利用类型，其次为天然湿地，人为干扰导致嘉陵江滨岸带土壤真菌群落多样性水平降低.

Soil Fungal Community Structure and Function Diversity of Different Land Use Types in the Waterfront Area Along the Jialing River

By clarifying the diversity of soil fungal communities in different land use types along the waterfront of the Jialing River, we can provide a theoretical basis for the ecological environment protection and restoration of the Jialing River. Four typical land use types, including artificial wetland, natural wetland, forestland, and agricultural land in the waterfront area of the middle and lower reaches of the Jialing River, were selected as the research sites. The soil fungal communities were sequenced using high-throughput sequencing technology. The diversity, structure, and function of the soil fungal community were analyzed by different land use types. The results showed that there were some differences in soil physical and chemical properties among different soil types, and the nutrient content of forestland and agricultural land soil was significantly higher than that of artificial wetland and natural wetland (P<0.05). The Chao1 index of soil fungi in forestland and natural wetland was significantly higher than that in the other two land use types (P<0.05), and the Shannon index of soil fungi in forestland was significantly higher than that in agricultural land and constructed wetland (P<0.05). The community structure of soil fungi in natural wetland and artificial wetland was similar. The number of species from high to low was ranked forestland, natural wetland, artificial wetland, and agricultural land. Soil fungi in the waterfront area of the Jialing River were divided into 15 phyla. The dominant fungal communities (relative abundance>0.01) were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Chytridiomycota. In contrast, Rozellomycota preferred forest habitats, whereas Olpidiomycota and Mortierellomycota preferred agricultural land, and Basidiomycota had a significant advantage in artificial wetlands. The dominant functional group in natural wetland was plant pathogens, the dominant functional group in artificial wetland was dung saprotrophs, and the dominant functional group in agricultural land was animal pathogens-fungal parasites. Redundancy analysis showed that soil moisture content (MC), total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), and available nitrogen (AN) were the main environmental factors affecting the change in fungal community. Forestland was the land use type with the highest fungal diversity and the most balanced functional groups in the Jialing River basin, followed by natural wetlands. Human disturbance led to the decrease in the diversity level of soil fungal communities along the Jialing River waterfront.