生态补偿对象空间选择的研究进展及展望

生态补偿作为一种将外在的、非市场环境服务转化为当地参与者提供生态系统服务的财政激励机制而备受世界关注。为了全面认识国际生态补偿对象空间选择的状况与成果，促进国际生态补偿对象空间选择研究的交流与合作，论文在分析国际相关理论和实践研究的基础上，概括介绍了生态补偿对象空间选择的相关概念和研究背景，对不同补偿对象选择方案进行了归纳梳理和比较分析，简要介绍了得分函数法、距离函数法和GAP分析法等研究方法，比较分析了研究方法的优缺点，最后提出了思考和展望：选择方案的设计既要注重资金效益，又要兼顾公平；努力建立生态补偿效果的评价机制，逐步完善生态补偿对象选择方案，健全生态补偿机制。

The Research Advances and Perspectives of Spatial Selection of Ecological Compensation Objects

Ecological compensation have attracted increasing interest as a mechanism to transform external, non-market values of the environment into real financial incentives for local actors to provide environmental services. Based on the analysis of international theory and practice, this paper firstly introduces summarily the background and some related concepts of spatial selection of ecological compensation objects, analyzes the necessity of spatial selection from spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem service, destroy risk of ecosystem and participation costs and capital efficiency of ecological compensation. The research of spatial selection of ecological compensation objects has experienced the development process from a single goal and a single criterion to multi-objectives and multi-criteria. Secondly, in accordance with the summarization and comparison of the four selected criterions of ecological compensation objects, it finds out that except the flat payment , the others select sites with the highest ratio of total environment benefits to total cost, the standard of compensation increases from opportunity costs to participation costs (the sum of protection costs, transaction, costs and opportunity costs). Thirdly, by introducing briefly some research methods such as the scoring method, the distance function and GAP analysis, making a comparison of Distance-Function approach and Scoring-Function approach and getting two different selection results, it analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the research methods and applications range. Finally, it elaborates some key factors of the program that takes destroy risk into account, including perverse incentives, the destroy risk prediction of ecosystem and leakage. It makes some considerations and perspectives of spatial selection of ecological compensation objects, containing the goals of selection programs and the potential problems in the implementation of schemes: the targeting scheme should not only focus on efficiency, but also take fairness into consideration , strive to establish the evaluation mechanism of ecological compensation, and gradually improve the ecological compensation choosing program and perfect ecological compensation mechanism.