流域主体功能优化与黄河水资源再分配

立足流域主体功能优化概念内涵,系统性解析流域各类主体功能目标,基于流域主体功能评价指标体系建立以主体功能优化为目标导向的流域主体功能水资源分配机制,通过遗传算法求解多目标优化模型得到2017年黄河流域9省、自治区的四类水资源分配方案。研究结果表明：（1）流域主体功能实现水资源分配机制,使黄河流域最大可能节水23.01亿m³。（2）流域主体功能水资源分配机制给黄河流域主体功能实现分别带来4344.48亿元的生产功能增量、991.35亿元的生态功能价值增量,可多承载8194.84万人口。（3）减少宁夏和山东的农业用水及内蒙古工业用水分配对黄河流域水资源优化分配至关重要。

Optimization of main functions of river basin and redistribution of water resources in the Yellow River

Based on the concept and connotation of the main function optimization of the river basin, this paper systematically analyzes various main function goals of the basin, and establishes the main function water resource allocation mechanism based on the evaluation index system of the main function of the basin, which is solved by genetic algorithm. The multiobjective optimization model obtained 4 types of water resource allocation plans for 9 provincial-level regions in the Yellow River Basin in 2017. The research results show that:(1)The main functions of the river basin to realize the water resource allocation mechanism makes the Yellow River Basin the largest possible water saving of 2.301 billion m³.(2) The water resources allocation mechanism for the main functions of the basin has brought about 434.448 billion yuan in production function increments, and 99.135 billion yuan in ecological function value increments, which can feed 81.948 million more people.(3) Reducing agricultural water use in Ningxia and Shandong and industrial water distribution in Inner Mongolia is crucial to the optimal distribution of water resources in the study basin.