全氟烷基羧酸前体物氟调醇的污染水平与生物转化研究进展

全氟烷基羧酸(perfluorocarboxylic acids,PFCAs)普遍具有环境持久性、生物富集性及生物毒性效应.随着政府和国际组织对PFCAs生产和排放的监控和管制,探究PFCAs的间接来源变得愈加迫切.氟调醇(fluorotelomer alcohols,FTOHs)是生产含氟聚合物和含氟表面活性剂的重要...

Environmental occurrence and biotransformation of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid precursors: Fluorotelomer alcohols

Perfluorocarboxylic acids(PFCAs) have received great regulatory attention from the government and international organizations due to their environmental persistence, bioaccumulation and potential toxicity. With the effective reduction of their production and emission in recent years, exploring the indirect sources of PFCAs has become increasingly important. Fluorotelomer alcohols(FTOHs) are important raw materials used to produce fluoropolymers and fluorosurfactants, which have been incorporated into a variety of consumer and industrial products. Moreover, FTOHs are also primary biotransformation intermediates of multiple fluorotelomer-based substances. Degradation of FTOHs has been widely considered as an additional source of PFCAs in the environment and biological species. After entering the environment, FTOHs can undergo long-range transport and can be transformed into polyfluorinated intermediates, and finally oxidized to different carbon-chain lengths of PFCAs. Recent studies also showed that polyfluorinated intermediate metabolites of FTOHs exhibited higher biotoxicity than PFCAs. Therefore, to accurately reveal the environmental and health risks of FTOHs, it is essential to understand their environmental levels and biotransformation routes. In this paper, the sources and physicochemical properties of FTOHs were introduced, the analytical methods and environmental occurrence of FTOHs were reviewed, and the biotransformation processes and toxic mechanisms of FTOHs were analyzed.