基于生态系统服务供需的厦漳泉地区生态网络空间优化

耦合生态系统服务供需和景观生态安全格局,解构城市群地区生态空间结构,是优化农业—城镇—生态网络空间布局的基础。基于生态系统服务供需理论,以福建东南沿海厦漳泉城市群为例,综合生态系统服务最重要区域和生态红线边界确定供给源地,结合自然、经济多要素构建消费格局,应用最小累积阻力模型建立景观生态安全格局,识别需求分区、生态流网络、关键节点等组分,采用分层叠加分析重构厦漳泉地区生态网络空间。结果显示：（1）供给源地占研究区总面积的41.64%,生态缓冲区、生态敏感区和生产生活区分别占22.67%、31.58%和4.11%;（2）供给源地集中于中西部丘陵山区,耗费低值区与供给源地分布一致,而高值区呈“井”字形分布特征,集中于沿海一带;（3）生态流通道网状化程度较高,中西部主要由森林构成,东部沿海区域主要由城镇水系和绿地系统、周边农田构成,驱动因素类型和强度均呈现显著的空间异质性;（4）提出构建厦漳泉地区“九区四组团一带九廊道多中心”的生态网络空间优化布局,协调区域间生产生活生态功能组合,促进经济—生态空间协同发展。

Optimizing the ecological networks based on the supply and demand of ecosystem services in Xiamen-Zhangzhou-Quanzhou region

Coupling the supply and demand of ecosystem service with the security pattern of landscape ecology, and deconstructing the ecological space structure of urban agglomerations are the basis for optimizing the spatial arrangement of agriculture-urban areas-ecology networks. Based on the theory of supply and demand for ecosystem service, ecosystem service supply area was determined by fusing the most important areas of the integrated ecosystem services and the boundaries of the ecological red line, by taking Xiamen-Zhangzhou-Quanzhou Urban Agglomeration in the southeast coast of Fujian province as an example. In combination of natural and economic factors, the consumption pattern can be constructed. The minimum cumulative resistance model was further applied to establish a landscape ecology security pattern in order to identify landscape components, such as demand zones, network of ecological flows, and key nodes. Furthermore, the ecological network space of XiamenZhangzhou-Quanzhou region was reconstructed by utilizing layered overlay analysis. The results showed that:(1) The supply area occupied 41.64% of the study area, in addition,ecological buffer zones, ecological sensitive zones, and production and living zones accounted for 22.67%, 31.58%, and 4.11%, respectively.(2) The source of supply was mainly distributed in the hilly and mountainous areas of the central and western regions, where the low-cost areas of ecosystem service were located. The high-cost areas concentrated in the coastal regions were characterized by an octothorpe shaped distribution pattern.(3) Ecological flow paths were highly meshed. They were mainly composed of forests in the central and western regions, and urban water system, green space systems and surrounding farmland in the eastern coastal areas.Both the type and intensity of the driving factors suggested significant spatial heterogeneity.(4) Constructing an ecological network space optimization layout of "nine zones, four groups,one belt, nine corridors and multi-centers" in the study region was also proposed in this research, so as to coordinate the production-living-ecological function among the region and facilitate the synergetic development of the economic-ecological space.