The krill-dominated pelagic system of the Southern Ocean |
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| Institution: | 1. Mathematical Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Japan;2. Centre for Mathematical Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada;3. Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada;1. Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA;2. Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Czech Republic;3. School of Education, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA;4. Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA;5. Department of Dairy Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA;6. Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany;1. Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Rajakkamangalam, Tamil Nadu, India;2. Vizhinjam Research Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Vizhinjam 629 251, Kerala, India;1. College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China;2. National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai, 201306, PR China;3. Polar Marine Ecosystem Group, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China;4. Center for Quantitative Fisheries Ecology, Old Dominion University, 800 West 46th St., Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA;6. Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia;7. CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia |
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| Abstract: | The krill-dominated pelagic system of the seasonal pack-ice zone of the Antarctic Eastwind Drift and the Weddell Gyre is characterized by high concentrations of phytoplankton and krill (amongst other zooplankton) and warm-blooded top consumers. Krill, birds, and mammals are “giants” with high mobility and energy demands, slow growth, low reproduction, and a long life span. The high standing stock of krill and its consumers and their localised dense concentrations attract exploitation by man, but the low net production makes the system susceptible to overfishing. The system appears to be food limited at the adult stage of krill and its consumers. Fluctuations in abundance occur particularly at the larval phase of krill. The juvenile and adult phases are also subject to substantial spatial variations in abundance which affect any kind of harvesting by top consumers, including man. |
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