The influence of aerosol dynamics on indoor exposure to airborne DEHP |
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| Authors: | Cong Liu Bin Zhao Yinping Zhang |
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| Institution: | 1. International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia;2. Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, National University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam;3. School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia;1. Beijing Key Lab of Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China;2. Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;3. Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX 78712, USA;1. Department of Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;2. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA;3. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA |
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| Abstract: | A mass-balance model was extended to investigate the influence of aerosol particles on the accumulation of indoor airborne DEHP, which allows the consideration of a variable particle concentration. The calculated gas-phase di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) concentration is consistent with those measured within residences in both the United States and Europe. Model predictions suggest that there are differences of more than 10% of particle-phase DEHP concentrations between the variable-particle-concentration case and the constant one for over half (578 days) within the calculation time of 1000 days. Airborne DEHP consists primarily of a particle phase. The exposure data indicate that the influence of particle dynamics remains significant throughout the calculation period, and the size fraction of 0–0.5 μm contributes the most, at 39.1%, to the total exposure to particle-phase DEHP as a result of a strong “source” effect which brings particles into the indoor air and a weak “sink” effect which removes particles from the indoor air. The sensitivity analysis indicates that deposition exhibits the most apparent influence, and particle emission from cooking is a significant factor, as cooking is the main source of particles in the size fraction of 0–0.5 μm. The sensitivity analysis also shows that particle penetration has a less obvious influence on the exposure to airborne DEHP because air exchange rate caused penetration introduces and removes particles simultaneously, thus having a limited influence on the airborne DEHP; while resuspension exhibits the weakest influence because it contributes little to the small particles which are the main component of aerosol particles indoors. Strategies for enhancing deposition and reducing particle emissions from cooking and penetration may be helpful to reduce residents’ exposure to airborne SVOCs. |
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