Natural chloroform emissions from the blanket peat bogs in the vicinity of Mace Head,Ireland over a 14-year period |
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| Authors: | PG Simmonds RG Derwent AJ Manning S O'Doherty G Spain |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China;2. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;3. Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China;4. Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;5. Division of Environmental and Water Resources, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;6. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China;7. Hubei Provincial Meteorological Service Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China;8. Department of Building, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore, Singapore;1. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Cambridge, MA, USA;2. Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands;3. Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom;4. SPA “Typhoon”, Institute of Experimental Meteorology, 4 Pobeda Street, Obninsk, Kaluga Reg. 2490338, Russia;5. Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d''Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay F-91405, France;6. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA;7. Applied Physics, Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Science and Mathematics, Luleå? University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå?, Sweden;8. Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/IPSL, CNRS, École polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, F-91120 Palaiseau, France;9. Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA;10. Department of Chemistry, Snow College, Ephraim, UT, USA;11. Research and Education in eNergy, Environment and Water Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA;12. Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/IPSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, École polytechnique, F-75005 Paris, France;13. University of California Berkeley, Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA, USA;14. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA;15. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky per. 3, 119017 Moscow, Russia |
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| Abstract: | Simultaneous chloroform (CHCl3) emission and ozone (O3) deposition are regularly observed under nocturnal inversions during the summer months from and to the peat bogs in the vicinity of the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station, Connemara, Co Galway, Ireland. Emissions were estimated using the nocturnal box model applied to routine atmospheric observations collected over a 14-year period from 1995 to 2008. Strict criteria were applied in the selection of events of low wind speed, under a stable night-time inversion layer in baseline air conditions, with no transport from Europe. The mean peatland CHCl3 flux was 2.91 μg m?2 h?1 with highly variable fluxes ranging from 0.44 to 12.94 μg m?2 h?1. These fluxes are generally larger than those reported previously for similar biomes and if representative would make a significant contribution to the global estimated source of CHCl3. Fluxes were not strongly correlated with either atmospheric temperature or the level of precipitation. Over the 14-year period there appears to have been a small increase in overall CHCl3 emissions, although we stress that the nocturnal box model has a number of limitations and assumptions which should be taken into account. |
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