Aerosol properties,in-canopy gradients,turbulent fluxes and VOC concentrations at a pristine forest site in Amazonia |
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| Authors: | LV Rizzo P Artaxo T Karl AB Guenther J Greenberg |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa R, 187, CEP05508-900, São Paulo, S.P., Brazil;2. National Center of Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA;1. Université de Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France;2. EMDouai, CE, F-59508 Douai, France;3. TERA-Environnement, 628 rue Charles De Gaulle, 38926 Crolles, France;1. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China;2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China;3. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510308, PR China;1. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;2. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA;3. Department of Earth Sciences, Millersville University, Millersville, PA 17551, USA;4. KNMI-Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, The Netherlands;5. Institute for Arctic & Alpine Research, The University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309, USA;6. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA;7. Air Resources Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA;8. Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA;1. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA;2. Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA;3. School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK;4. National Centre for Atmospheric Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK |
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| Abstract: | Aerosol physical and chemical properties were measured in a forest site in central Amazonia (Cuieiras reservation, 2.61S; 60.21W) during the dry season of 2004 (Aug–Oct). Aerosol light scattering and absorption, mass concentration, elemental composition and size distributions were measured at three tower levels (Ground: 2 m; Canopy: 28 m, and Top: 40 m). For the first time, simultaneous eddy covariance fluxes of fine mode particles and volatile organic compounds (VOC) were measured above the Amazonian forest canopy. Aerosol fluxes were measured by eddy covariance using a Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) and a sonic anemometer. VOC fluxes were measured by disjunct eddy covariance using a Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS). At nighttime, a strong vertical gradient of phosphorus and potassium in the aerosol coarse mode was observed, with higher concentrations at Ground level. This suggests a source of primary biogenic particles below the canopy. Equivalent black carbon measurements indicate the presence of light-absorbing aerosols from biogenic origin. Aerosol number size distributions typically consisted of superimposed Aitken (76 nm) and accumulation modes (144 nm), without clear events of new particle formation. Isoprene and monoterpene fluxes reached respectively 7.4 and 0.82 mg m?2 s?1 around noon. An average fine particle flux of 0.05 ± 0.10 106 m?2 s?1 was calculated, denoting an equilibrium between emission and deposition fluxes of fine mode particles at daytime. No significant correlations were found between VOC and fine mode aerosol concentrations or fluxes. |
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