Temporal patterns in daily measurements of inorganic and organic speciated PM2.5 in Denver |
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| Authors: | Steven J Dutton Balaji Rajagopalan Sverre Vedal Michael P Hannigan |
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| Institution: | 1. National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA;2. Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA;3. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA;1. Research Department, Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental Henrique Luis Roessler, Rua Borges de Medeiros 261/9 Andar, 90020-021, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;2. Postgraduate Program in Remote Sensing and Meteorology, Geosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;1. International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China;2. School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China;3. Harbin Scientific Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Harbin, 150076, China;4. Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, University of Khartoum, 205, Sudan;1. National Environmental Health Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan;2. Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;3. Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University, No 306, Yuanpei St, Hsin Chu, 300, Taiwan;4. Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hungkuang University, Sha-Lu, Taichung 433, Taiwan |
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| Abstract: | Airborne particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) has been linked to a wide range of adverse health effects and as a result is currently regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. PM2.5 originates from a multitude of sources and has heterogeneous physical and chemical characteristics. These features complicate the link between PM2.5 emission sources, ambient concentrations and health effects. The goal of the Denver Aerosol Sources and Health (DASH) study is to investigate associations between sources and health using daily measurements of speciated PM2.5 in Denver.The datxa set being collected for the DASH study will be the longest daily speciated PM2.5 data set of its kind covering 5.5 years of daily inorganic and organic speciated measurements. As of 2008, 4.5 years of bulk measurements (mass, inorganic ions and total carbon) and 1.5 years of organic molecular marker measurements have been completed. Several techniques were used to reveal long-term and short-term temporal patterns in the bulk species and the organic molecular marker species. All species showed a strong annual periodicity, but their monthly and seasonal behavior varied substantially. Weekly periodicities appear in many compound classes with the most significant weekday/weekend effect observed for elemental carbon, cholestanes, hopanes, select polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heavy n-alkanoic acids and methoxyphenols. Many of the observed patterns can be explained by meteorology or anthropogenic activity patterns while others do not appear to have such obvious explanations. Similarities and differences in these findings compared to those reported from other cities are highlighted. |
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