Atmospheric trace element concentrations in total suspended particles near Paris,France |
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| Authors: | Sophie Ayrault Abderrahmane Senhou Mélanie Moskura André Gaudry |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;2. Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;3. Hospital del Mar, Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;4. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;5. Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;1. National Environmental Health Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan;2. Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, No. 840, Chengcing Rd., Kaohsiung 83347, Taiwan;3. Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;1. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. General Paz 1499 (B1650KNA)-Pcia, Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan;3. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), Buenos Aires, Argentina |
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| Abstract: | To evaluate today’s trace element atmospheric concentrations in large urban areas, an atmospheric survey was carried out for 18 months, from March 2002 to September 2003, in Saclay, nearby Paris. The total suspended particulate matter (TSP) was collected continuously on quartz fibre filters. The TSP contents were determined for 36 elements (including Ag, Bi, Mo and Sb) using two analytical methods: Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The measured concentrations were in agreement within the uncertainties with the certified values for the polycarbonate reference material filter SRM-2783 (National Institute for Standard Technology NIST, USA). The measured concentrations were significantly lower than the recommended atmospheric concentrations. In 2003, the Pb atmospheric level at Saclay was 15 ng/m3, compared to the 500 ng/m3 guideline level and to the 200 ng/m3 observed value in 1994. The typical urban background TSP values of 1–2, 0.2–1, 4–6, 10–30 and 3–5 ng/m3 for As, Co, Cr, Cu and Sb, respectively, were inferred from this study and were compared with the literature data. The typical urban background TSP concentrations could not be realised for Cd, Pb and Zn, since these air concentrations are highly influenced by local features. The Zn concentrations and Zn/Pb ratio observed in Saclay represented a characteristic fingerprint of the exceptionally large extent of zinc-made roofs in Paris and its suburbs. The traffic-related origin of Ba, Cr, Cu, Pb and Sb was demonstrated, while the atmospheric source(s) of Ag was not identified. |
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