On-road traffic emissions in a megacity |
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| Authors: | Ariela D'Angiola Laura E Dawidowski Darío R Gómez Mauricio Osses |
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| Institution: | 1. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Gerencia Química, Av. Gral. Paz 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Pcia. de Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Buenos Aires, Argentina;3. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ingeniería, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Buenos Aires, Argentina;4. International Sustainable Systems Research Center, ISSRC, 605 South Palm Street, Suite C, La Habra, CA 90631, USA;1. Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA;2. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA;1. School of Automobile Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China;2. Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China;1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada;2. Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada;1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;3. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China |
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| Abstract: | A new annual bottom–up emission inventory of criteria pollutants and greenhouse gases from on-road mobile sources was developed for 2006 for the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, Argentina, within a four-year regional project aimed at providing tools for chemical weather forecast in South America. Under the scarcity of local emission factors, we collected data from measuring campaigns performed in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Colombia and compiled a data set of regional emission factors representative of Latin American fleets and driving conditions. The estimated emissions were validated with respect to downscaled national estimates and the EDGAR global emission database. Our results highlight the role of older technologies accounting in average for almost 80% of the emissions of all species. The area exhibits higher specific emissions than developed countries, with figures two times higher for criteria pollutants. We analyzed the effect on emissions of replacing gasoline by compressed natural gas, occurring in Argentina since 1995. We identified (i) a relationship between number of vehicles and a compound socioeconomic indicator, and (ii) time-lags in vehicle technologies between developed and developing countries, which can be respectively applied for spatial disaggregation and the development of projections for other Latin American cities. The results may also be employed to complement global emission inventories and by local policy makers as an environmental management tool. |
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