北京地区表层土壤中含氧、含硫杂环芳烃化合物的分布特征及污染源分析

采集北京地区具有代表性的不同环境功能区62个表层土壤样品,利用GC/MS分析检测样品中含氧、含硫杂环芳烃化合物,目的是揭示表层土壤中此类化合物的组成与分布特征,并探讨其成因.结果表明,在不同环境功能区表层土壤样品中所检测到的含氧、含硫杂环芳烃化合物主要包括二苯并呋喃（氧芴）、甲基及C2-二苯并呋喃系列,二苯并噻吩（硫芴）、甲基、C2-及C3-二苯并噻吩系列和苯并萘并噻吩系列.不同环境功能区表层土壤样品中含氧、含硫杂环芳烃化合物组成和分布特征存在差别,其中工矿企业附近和城区土壤受含氧、含硫杂环芳烃化合物污染最为严重,南部地区土壤污染程度高于北部地区.表层土中氧芴系列与芴系列含量、硫芴系列与氧芴系列含量都具有很好的线性相关性.表层土中含氧、含硫杂环芳烃污染物主要来源于煤及油类燃烧产物和矿物油直接输入等,不同环境功能区污染源存在一定的差别.

Distribution and Sources of Oxygen and Sulfur Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds in Surface Soil of Beijing, China

62 surface soil samples were collected from different environmental function zones in Beijing. Sulfur and oxygen heterocyclic aromatic compounds were detected by GC/MS. The objectives of this study were to identify the composition and distribution of these compounds, and discuss their sources. The results showed that the oxygen and sulfur heterocyclic aromatic compounds in the surface soils mainly contained dibenzofuran, methyl- and C2-dibenzofuran series, dibenzothiophene, methyl-, C2- and C3-dibenzothiophene series and benzonaphthothiophene series. The composition and distribution of the oxygen and sulfur heterocyclic aromatic compounds in the surface soil samples varied in the different environmental function zones, of which some factories and the urban area received oxygen and sulfur heterocyclic aromatic compounds most seriously. In Beijing, the degree of contamination by oxygen and sulfur heterocyclic aromatic compounds in the north surface soil was higher than that in the south. There were preferable linear correlations between the concentration of dibenzofuran series and fluorene series, as well as the concentration of dibenzothiophene series and dibenzofuran series. The oxygen and sulfur heterocyclic aromatic compounds in the surface soil were mainly derived from combustion products of oil and coal and direct input of mineral oil, etc. There were some variations in pollution sources of different environmental function zones.