Achieving biodegradability enhancement and acute biotoxicity removal through the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater using a combined internal electrolysis and ultrasonic irradiation technology |
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Authors: | Liang Sun Can Wang Min Ji and Fen Wang |
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Institution: | (1) National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India; |
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Abstract: | Actual pharmaceutical wastewater was treated using a combined ultrasonic irradiation (US) and iron/coke internal electrolysis
(Fe/C) technology. A significant synergetic effect was observed, showing that ultrasonic irradiation dramatically enhanced
the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies by internal electrolysis. The effects of primary operating factors on
COD removal were evaluated systematically. Higher ultrasonic frequency and lower pH values as well as longer reaction time
were favorable to COD removal. The ratio of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and COD (B/C) of the wastewater increased from
0.21 to 0.32 after US-Fe/C treatment. An acute biotoxicity assay measuring the inhibition of bioluminescence indicated that
the wastewater with overall toxicity of 4.3 mg-Zn2+·L−1 was reduced to 0.5 mg-Zn2+·L−1 after treatment. Both the raw and the treated wastewater samples were separated and identified. The types of compounds suggested
that the increased biodegradability and reduced biotoxicity resulted mainly from the destruction of N,N-2 dimethyl formamide
and aromatic compounds in the pharmaceutical wastewater. |
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