Chemistry and adsorption-desorption properties of manganese oxides deposited in Forehill Water Treatment Plant,Grampian, Scotland |
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Authors: | Mark Eley Keith Nicholson |
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Institution: | (1) School of Applied Sciences, The Robert Gordon University, AB 1 1 HG Aberdeen, Scotland |
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Abstract: | Manganese oxide coatings on sand particles within filtration beds from a water treatment plant in Grampian, Scotland were
examined to determine their control on metal mobility. This study first sought to characterise the oxides, notably their mineralogy
and metal content, to provide a foundation for studies on the adsorption of dissolved metals from the treated water by the
oxides. The oxides were examined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and analysed by flame
atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). These techniques showed the oxide coatings were amorphous but uniformly distributed
over each sand grain. The oxides were selectively removed from the sand grains prior to analysis by AAS using a hydroxylamine
hydrochloride selective leaching method. The compositional range of the extracts was 100–150 mg L−1 Mn; 30–55 mg L−1 Fe; 17–56 mg L−1 Ca; 4.6–7.0 mg L−1 Ni; 4.6–6.8 mg L−1 Zn and 1.3–5.7 mg L−1 Mg. When these results are expressed as mg of metal per mg of Mn, the metal content of the oxides is remarkably uniform:
0.25–0.37 mg Fe; 0.14–0.35 mg Ca; 0.035–0.042 mg Ni; 0.035–0.040 mg Zn; 0.01–0.04 mg Mg. The greatest metal concentrations
were consistently found in the upper 3 cm of the filtration bed, and these decrease with increasing depth. After the beds
are cleaned a more uniform distribution of metals occurs throughout the bed. The metals taken up by the manganese coating
are retained over a wide pH range with the exception of Ca and Mg which desorb to a significant extent. The percentage of
calcium and magnesium lost from the coating ranges from 30–94%, the amount being dependent on the final pH of the solution.
The presence of manganese oxide in the filtration beds appears to be advantageous in terms of removal of transition metals
from the treated water. |
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