我国海岸建筑退缩线研究进展、问题与对策

海岸建筑退缩线作为一项有效的海岸带开发建设管控手段在国际上得到了广泛应用，我国一些沿海地区也开展了不同方法的退缩线划定和制度探索，《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和 2035 年远景目标纲要》中明确提出要“探索海岸建筑退缩线制度”。综述了国外海岸建筑退缩线的实施进展、退缩距离确定方法、退缩起始基线，以及我国海岸建筑退缩线的研究与实践基础，认为划定技术标准不统一、管控措施可操作性差、缺乏海岸建筑退缩线划定的上位法支撑以及科学准确性与管理简便性需求不一致是我国海岸建筑退缩线划定中面临的主要问题。提出规范海岸建筑退缩线划定方法、立法与管控办法先行、综合确定替代方案、开展试点研究等对策建议，以期为沿海地区开展海岸建筑退缩线划定和管理提供技术支撑。

Coastal construction setback line in China: research progress,problems and recommendations

As an effective management and control means of coastal zone development and construction activities, coastal construction setback line has been widely used in the world. Some coastal provinces and cities in China have also carried out different methods of setback line delimitation and regulations exploration. The outline of China’s 14th Five-year Plan clearly puts forward to "explore the regulations of coastal construction setback line". The implementation progress, determination methods and initial baseline of coastal construction setback line in foreign countries, and the research and practice basis of China's coastal construction setback line were summarized. The main problems faced by the delimitation of coastal construction setback line in China were non-uniform delimitation standards, poor operability of control measures, lack of upper legal support for the delimitation of coastal construction setback line, and the inconsistency between scientific accuracy and management simplicity. The recommendations, such as standardizing the delimitation methods of coastal construction setback line, enforcing legislation and management regulations first, comprehensively determining alternative schemes, and carrying out pilot research, were put forward in order to provide technical support for coastal provinces and cities to comprehensively carry out the delimitation and management of coastal construction setback line.