环境水体中烷基酚前处理技术研究进展

烷基酚化合物作为一类典型的环境内分泌干扰物，可在水环境中长期稳定存在，已成为国内外众多学者研究的焦点之一。通过调研近年来国内外环境水体中烷基酚污染状况，针对其前处理技术进行了综述，重点介绍了环境水体中烷基酚分析检测过程中常用的液液萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取等前处理技术的原理、特点、影响因素及应用范围等。经梳理和分析相关文献，得出以下结论：1）烷基酚在国内外各类水环境介质中被广泛检出，浓度范围一般为未检出（ND）~几千ng/L，易吸附在水中悬浮物或胶体颗粒上，亟须建立可靠、高效、快速的前处理技术，为其在水体中的准确定性和定量分析奠定良好的基础；2）与固相微萃取和搅拌棒吸附萃取相比，液液萃取技术和固相萃取技术在回收率、精密度和稳定性方面更具优势，已被多个国家应用于水质烷基酚的标准分析方法中。未来应加强填料萃取容量和选择性、涂层耐用性、多种萃取技术联用等方面研究，以建立快速高效、微型化、无溶剂或少溶剂化、对环境友好、自动化的前处理技术；加强烷基酚化合物的管理，建议将其纳入水质质量标准、排放标准等。

Research progress on pretreatment techniques for alkylphenols in environmental water

As a kind of typical environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals, alkylphenols can exist stably in the water environment for a long time, and have become great-concern substances by environmental scholars at home and abroad. On the basis of recent literature on the pollution of alkylphenols in environmental water, the principal pretreatment techniques were reviewed, of which commonly used in the analysis and detection of alkylphenol in environmental water were emphatically expounded, including liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), solid phase micro-extraction (SPME), and so on. The principle, characteristics, influencing factors and practical application of the above methods were introduced. The results showed: 1) Alkylphenols were widely detected in various environmental water at home and abroad, and concentrations were generally between undetected (ND) and several thousand ng/L, which were easy to be adsorbed on suspended solids or colloidal particles in water. It was urgent to establish reliable, efficient and fast pretreatment techniques to lay a good foundation for the accurate determination and quantitative analysis of alkylphenols in water. 2) Compared with SPME and stir bar adsorption extraction, LLE and SPE were superior in the aspect of recovery rate, precision and stability, and both had been applied in the national standard analysis methods of alkylphenols in environmental water in many countries. In the future, research should be strengthened on the extraction capacity and selectivity of fillers, the durability of coatings, and the combination of multiple extraction techniques, to establish rapid, efficient, miniaturized, solvent-free or less solvation, environmentally friendly and automated pretreatment techniques. Also, the management of alkylphenols should be strengthened, being integrated into the water quality standards, discharge standards, etc.