实现我国煤矸石“无废”化目标的路径研究

为解决煤矸石大量堆积造成的环境污染问题，基于“无废城市”建设理念和经验提出了煤矸石“无废”化目标。在分析我国煤矸石产生、分布及理化性质的基础上，从煤炭清洁高效利用和减污降碳2个方面论述实现煤矸石“无废”化的必要性，阐述实现我国煤矸石“无废”化的政策基础、技术现状和存在的问题。建议我国在建设绿色生态煤矿、提高煤矸石综合利用水平、研发煤矸石综合利用技术、制定煤矸石综合利用产品标准4个方面开展工作；加快实现以井下采选充一体化、矿井充填、采坑以及塌陷区回填生态修复为核心的煤矸石综合利用技术工业化应用；构建“发电—有用（价）组分回收或利用—高性能建材或农业应用或矿井充填”的资源化利用产业链，实现煤矸石中多组分梯级分质高值化利用，以保障我国煤矸石“无废”化目标顺利实现。

Research on the path to achieve the goal of realizing "zero-waste" of coal gangue in China

In order to solve the environmental pollution problems caused by the massive accumulation of coal gangue, the goal of realizing "zero-waste" of coal gangue was proposed based on the concept and experience of "zero-waste city". Based on the analysis of the generation, distribution, and physicochemical properties of coal gangue in China, the necessity of the goal of realizing "zero-waste" of coal gangue was discussed from two aspects of the clean and efficient utilization of coal and the reduction of pollution and carbon. The policy basis, technical status quo and existing problems of achieving the goal of realizing "zero-waste" of coal gangue in China were analyzed. It was suggested that China should carry out the work in four aspects: building green ecological coal mines, improving the comprehensive utilization rate of coal gangue, researching and developing technologies for comprehensive utilization of coal gangue resources, and formulating product standards for comprehensive utilization of coal gangue. It was suggested to accelerate the industrialization application of coal gangue comprehensive utilization technologies centered on the integration of underground coal dressing and backfilling, mine filling, pit backfilling, and ecological restoration of collapsed areas, and build a resource-based utilization industrial chain of "power generation - recycling or utilization of useful (valuable) components - high-performance building materials or agricultural applications or mine backfilling" to realize the high-value utilization of multi-component gradation in coal gangue. These measures would ensure the smooth realization of the goal of realizing "zero-waste" of coal gangue in China.