煤矸石-土壤混合基质对小白菜生长的影响及Pb迁移规律

盆栽试验研究了施用不同量煤矸石(0%、13%、26%、40%、53%)对贫瘠土壤改良的效果和对小白菜生长品质的影响。结果表明:(1)混合基质中Pb的迁移能力较差,小白菜中Pb积累量与植物体生物量具有正相关关系;(2)小白菜的发芽率、根系长度、地面以上株高和生物量等均在煤矸石施入比例为26%时达到最佳,发芽率、地面以上株高和干重分别增加23%、23.05%和20.62%;施入煤矸石超过40%时将导致各项指标有所下降;(3)采用单因子污染指数法进行食品质量评价,加入煤矸石量分别为0%、13%和26%时,产品污染指数分别为0.69、0.79和0.93,属于清洁水平;而加入煤矸石量为40%和53%时,污染指数分别为1.12(轻污染水平)和1.38(轻污染水平)。煤矸石可增加植物生长过程所需营养物质而作为贫瘠土壤的改良剂,实现煤矸石资源化并改善矿区生态环境。

Migration Rules of Pb and the Effects of Coal Gangul-Soil Mixture Media on the Growth of Pakchoi

With pot experiment, the effects of coal gangue on poor soil and the growth quality of pakchoi were investigated. The coal gangue was divided into five treatment, 0%(the control group), 13%, 26%, 40% and 53%. Results show that (1) the migration ability of Pb is relatively poor in the mixture media, moreover, the accumulation of pb has a positive correlation with its biomass; (2) the pakchoi''s germination percentage, root length, above ground height and biomass reach their best as the proportion of coal gangue being 26%, and the germination rate, above ground height and its dry weight increase by 23%, 23.05% and 20.62%, respectively. However, all indexes will decline if the concentration of coal gangue is higher than 40%; and (3) the food quality was evaluated with single factor pollution index. When the supplementation of coal gangue are 0%, 13% and 26%, respectively, the product pollution index are 0.69, 0.79 and 0.93, respectively, which belongs to clean level; While if the supplementation of coal gangue are 40% and 53%, respectively, the product pollution index are 1.12 and 1.38, respectively, and both of which are at the light pollution level. Coal gangue can improve the nutrients of plant during their growth process and then can be used as the modifier for poor soil. Therefore, comprehensive utilization of coal gangue can improve the ecological environment in mining area.