Mutualistic Benefits Generate an Unequal Distribution of Risky Activities Among Unrelated Group Members |
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| Authors: | Penelope F Kukuk Seamus A Ward Amy Jozwiak |
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| Institution: | (1) Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59012 USA, and School of Genetics and Human Variation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia, AU;(2) School of Zoology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia, AU;(3) Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59012 USA, US |
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| Abstract: | Recent studies provide a new challenge to the adequacy of theories concerning the evolution of cooperation among nonrelatives:
some individuals perform high-risk activities while others do not. We examined a communal hymenopteran species, Lasioglossum
(Chilalictus)
hemichalceum, to determine why group members engaged in demonstrably risky activities (foraging) tolerate the selfish behavior (remaining
in the nest) of unrelated nestmates. Experimental removal of adult females indicated that their presence is required for the
protection of brood from ant predators. Nonforagers ensure the continued presence of adults in the nest if the risk-taking
foragers die, thereby safeguarding the survival of forager offspring. This results in an unequal distribution of risky activities
within social groups in which avoidance of risky activities by some group members is ultimately beneficial to risk takers.
Received: 10 June 1997 / Accepted in revised form: 25 May 1998 |
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