利用海水资源直接农业灌溉的研究

2000～2002年在半干旱的山东莱州地区进行了海水直接灌溉鲁梅克斯(Rumexpatientia×R.Tianschanicus.cv.RumexK-1)、油葵(HelianthusannuusL.“G101B”)、菊芋(HelianthustuberosusL.)等耐盐植物的田间小区试验和室内模拟试验,结果表明:①试验期总降雨量212.9mm,灌溉定额每年为1500m³·hm^-2,海淡水比例0∶1、1∶9、1∶3、1∶1混合灌溉后的耕层土壤(0～40cm)盐分没有差异;室内模拟表明,降雨量为800mm,即使用1∶1的处理,1m土体脱盐率仍可达17%左右,表明海水适量灌溉可以缓解滨海盐土的土壤盐渍化;②海水灌溉大大减缓滨海盐土水分蒸发,1∶1处理灌溉30d后土壤水吸力仅为0∶1(全淡水)处理的50%左右;③1∶1海淡水灌溉处理的鲁梅克斯、油葵、菊芋产量与全淡水灌溉的没有显著差异,比不灌溉的增产1倍以上。

Study on the irrigation systems in agriculture by seawater

From 2000to2002,the field experiments and indoor simulating experiments were carried out in Laizhou,Shandong Province to study the effect of seawater irrigation on the growth of Rumex plant and sunflower and Helianthus tuberosus L.The results were as follows:(1)In the condition of the total rainfalls and irrigation being212.9mm and1500m³ ·hm^-2 respectively,the soil salinity content in0-40cm soil layer was rarely affected by0∶1,1∶9,1∶3and1∶1proportions of seawater and freshwater.And the indoor simulating experiments indicated that the rate of desalinization in1m soil layer reached17%after irrigated with1∶1proportion of seawater and freshwater.These results indicated that soil salinization could be controlled by the proper proportion of seawater irrigation in semiarid region.(2)The soil moisture evaporation in semiarid region was lowered greatly due to seawater irrigation.Soil water suction in30d soil profile irrigate d with1∶1proportion of seawater and freshwater was only a half of that in0∶1(to tal freshwater).(3)The biomass yields of Rumex plant and sunflower and Helianthus tuberosus L.irrigated with1∶1proportion of seawater and freshwater had no differences from that with total of freshwater,and the biomass yields increased by100%in contrast to non-irrigated.