论“安全”及“安全性”的概念

对当前有关安全概念的多种定义均存在内涵或外延不准确的问题进行研讨;将与安全问题相关的客观事物区分为"可遭受损害事物"和"可导致损害事物",并分别对应于"安全"概念和"安全性"概念;在明确所涉及对象事物的基础上,对安全概念与安全性概念准确把握各自的内涵和外延,分别给出用"属加种差"方式描述的定义。笔者认为:安全是"具有特定功能或属性的事物,在内部和外部因素及其相互作用下,足以保持其正常的、完好的状态,而免遭非期望损害的现象";安全性是"某事物在一定的条件下和一定的时间内,导致其他事物或其自身发生非期望损害的能力"。

Study on the Concept of "Safety" and "Safe-capability"

There are a variety of inaccurate problems on the connotation or extension about the current definitions of safety.To make them clear,the paper identifies safety-related objective things between "things that may suffer damage" and "things that may lead to damage ",which respectively correspond to the "safety "concept and "safe-capability" concept.Based on this,the respective connotation and extension of the concept of "safety" and "safe-capability" is determined and their definitions are given by means of "genus and differentia".It is considered that the concept of safety is "the phenomena that something with a specific function or property is sufficient to maintain its normal and intact status and avoids non-expected damage under the influence of internal and external factors and their interaction." The concept of safe-capability is "the ability of something that leads other things or itself to non-expected damage under certain condition and time."