Ecotoxicological assessment and evaluation of a pine bark biosorbent treatment of five landfill leachates |
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| Authors: | Ribé Veronica Nehrenheim Emma Odlare Monica Gustavsson Lillemor Berglind Rune Forsberg Ake |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, Mälardalen University, SE-72123 Västerås, Sweden;2. Karlskoga Energy & Environment Ltd., Box 42, SE-691 21 Karlskoga, Sweden;3. FOI CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, SE-901 82 Umeå, Sweden;1. Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Santa Angelina, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil;2. Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Almeida Prado, 83, trav. 2, Cidade Universitária, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil;1. University Rey Juan Carlos, ESCET, Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry Department, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Madrid, Spain;2. IMDEA Water, Avda. Punto Com, 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;3. University of Alcalá, Geology, Geography and Environment Department, Faculty of Sciences, External Campus, Ctra. A-II km 33.6, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;1. Faculty of Engineering, Autonomous University of Yucatan. Av. Industrias No Contaminantes por Periférico Norte s/n, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico;2. Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Yucatan. Calle 41 No. 421 Ex-Terrenos del Fénix, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico;1. Instituto de Biologia, Federal University of Bahia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-155 Salvador, BA, Brazil;2. Federal University of Santa Catarina, Centre of Curitibanos, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil;1. Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China;2. Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (Akuatrop) & Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development (Bio-D Tropika), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia;3. Department of Engineering, University College of Technology Sarawak, 96000, Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia;4. Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea;5. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China;6. School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea;7. School of Management, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China |
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| Abstract: | When selecting a landfill leachate treatment method the contaminant composition of the leachate should be considered in order to obtain the most cost-effective treatment option. In this study the filter material pine bark was evaluated as a treatment for five landfill leachates originating from different cells of the same landfill in Sweden. The objective of the study was to determine the uptake, or release, of metals and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during a leaching test using the pine bark filter material with the five different landfill leachates. Furthermore the change of toxicity after treatment was studied using a battery of aquatic bioassays assessing luminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri) acute toxicity (30-min Microtox®), immobility of the crustacean Daphnia magna, growth inhibition of the algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and the aquatic plant Lemna minor; and genotoxicity with the bacterial Umu-C assay. The results from the toxicity tests and the chemical analysis were analyzed in a Principal Component Analysis and the toxicity of the samples before and after treatment was evaluated in a toxicity classification. The pine bark filter material reduced the concentrations of metal contaminants from the landfill leachates in the study, with some exceptions for Cu and Cd. The Zn uptake of the filter was high for heavily contaminated leachates (≥73%), although some desorption of zinc occurred in less contaminated waters. Some of the leachates may require further treatment due to discharge into a natural recipient in order to reduce the risk of possible biological effects. The difference in pH changes between the different leachates was probably due to variations in buffering capacity, affected by physicochemical properties of the leachate. The greatest desorption of phenol during filtration occurred in leachates with high conductivity or elevated levels of metals or salts. Generally, the toxicity classification of the leachates implies that although filter treatment with pine bark removes metal contaminants from the leachates effectively, it does not alter leachate toxicity noticeably. The leachates with the highest conductivity, pH and metal concentrations are most strongly correlated with an increased toxic response in the score plots of both untreated and treated leachates. This is in line with the toxicity classification of the leachate samples. The results from this study highlight the importance of evaluating treatment efficiency from the perspective of potential recipient effects, rather than in terms of residual concentrations of individual contaminants when treating waters with a complex contamination matrix, such as landfill leachates. |
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