俄罗斯的天然气输送与环境保护

俄罗斯年产天然气５０００×１０８ｍ３，年输天然气２４００×１０８ｍ３，输气干线多采用多管线并列埋设方式。大量的长输管道、加压站和地下储气库的设计和施工都必须解决相应的环境保护问题。在河床处多采用埋管的办法；在沙漠地带要尽可能避开流沙地区；在永冻地区应注意输气管道的加热效应；过铁路的交叉口应设计自动监测系统；在确定管道线路时，必须注意生态保护；用植树绿化等方法尽量减轻加压站内燃气轮机发出的噪音危害；地下储气库的环境保护重点是回注水的处理。最后阐述了管道等输气工程的工作程序及所使用的法规和标准等。

Natural Gas Transport and Environmental protection in Russia

The annual output of natural gas in Russia is 5 000× 108m3 and the annu-al pumpage of natural gas is 2 400 × 108m3 with the gas mains mostly installed by laying many pipelines side by side method. The relevant environmental protection problems in the de-sign and construction of a large number of long─distance gas pipelines,pressure stations and gas storage depots must be settled.Pipes are mostly buried under riverbed when crossing a riv-er.The shifting sand areas should be evaded as far as possible in crossing the desert regions.Attention is to be given to heating effect of the gas pipelines in permafrost areas.The automat-ic monitoring system must be designed at the intersection of a railway and a pipeline,Ecologi-cal conservation must be paid attention to in deciding the route of a pipeline.The noise nui-sance of the gas turbines in a presqure station is to be reduced as much as possible by planting trees.The key environmental protection problem of underground gas storage depots is the treat-ment of reinjection water.The experts expounded in conclusion the working procedure of pipeline gas engineering and related laws, regulations and standards in use.