长期不同耕作方式下紫色水稻土和上覆水中汞及甲基汞的分布特征

为了解不同耕作方式对稻田中甲基汞的影响,在免耕冬水、垄作免耕、厢作免耕、水旱轮作和常规平作等5种耕作方式的长期定位试验地,分层采集土壤和上覆水样品,分析了汞及甲基汞的垂直分布特征.结果表明,免耕冬水、垄作免耕以及厢作免耕条件下土壤总汞含量在10~20 cm层最高,其中免耕冬水富集效果相对明显;而水旱轮作和常规平作处理则随土层加深呈下降趋势,其中水旱轮作更有利于汞的迁移转化.免耕冬水、厢作免耕、常规平作土壤甲基汞含量在剖面的分布规律与土壤总汞类似,除水旱轮作土壤汞甲基化能力在底层比表、中层较强外,其余4种处理则相反.5种耕作方式下稻田上覆水中溶解态汞(DHg)和溶解态甲基汞(DMe Hg)含量均随水深而增加,且水旱轮作和常规平作相对较高.各处理孔隙水中DHg含量与该层次土壤总汞含量有关,两者在土壤剖面上的波动趋势基本相同.免耕冬水、垄作免耕的孔隙水中DMe Hg含量及DMe Hg占DHg比例均在10~20 cm层出现最大值.水旱轮作和常规平作的孔隙水DMe Hg含量则相反,在10~20 cm层有最低值,两种处理的DMe Hg占DHg比例随土壤深度增加而上升.不同处理孔隙水中DMe Hg含量及DMe Hg占DHg比例均大于对应处理上覆水的值.

Effects of Long-term Different Tillage Methods on Mercury and Methylmercury Contents in Purple Paddy Soil and Overlying Water

A long-term experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of tillage methods on mercury and methylmercury contents in the purple paddy soil and overlying water. The experiment included five tillage methods: no-tillage and fallow in winter, ridge-no-tillage, compartments-no-tillage, paddy-upland rotation and conventional tillage. The results showed that the content of total mercury in soil had the maximum value in the 10-20 cm layer of no-tillage and fallow in winter, ridge-no-tillage and compartments-no-tillage, and the enrichment effect of no-tillage and fallow in winter was especially significant. The concentration of total mercury in soil of paddy-upland rotation and conventional tillage decreased with the increase of the soil depth, and paddy-upland rotation was specifically beneficial to the migration of mercury. The distribution of soil methylmercury was similar to that of total mercury in the soil profile. The methylation ability of soil mercury in the surface and middle of the soil profile was weaker than that at the bottom, while there was an opposite trend for other tillage methods. The concentrations of dissolved mercury (DHg) and dissolved methylmercury (DMeHg) in the overlaying water declined with the rise of the water depth in all treatments. The content of DHg in sediment porewater was related to the value of soil total mercury, and they had the same distribution in the soil profile. The content of DMeHg and its proportion accounted for DHg in porewater owned their largest value in the 10-20 cm layer of no-tillage and fallow in winter and ridge-no-tillage, where showed the lowest value of DMeHg in porewater for paddy-upland rotation and conventional tillage. And the percentage of DMeHg in DHg in porewater grew with the increase of soil depth of the latter two methods. Noticeably, the concentration of DMeHg and its proportion accounted for DHg in porewater were both higher than the values in overlying water for all tillage methods.