中国海岛潮下带大型底栖动物时空分布特征

利用中国近海海洋综合调查与评价(908)专项生物调查数据,从海岛类型、地理分布等方面考虑,选取26个具代表性的中国海岛,对海岛潮下带大型底栖动物群落结构的时空分布特征进行分析研究.结果表明:26个海岛潮下带大型底栖动物共鉴定767种,各海岛底栖动物种类组成均以多毛类、软体动物和甲壳动物为主,棘皮动物所占比例较小;物种数在各海岛间差别较大,在空间分布上有较明显的北低南高特点;在季节分布上,海岛潮下带大型底栖动物物种数、栖息密度和Shannon-Wiener指数(H’)都表现出春季>夏季>冬季>秋季的特点,而生物量则表现出秋季>春季>夏季>冬季的特点;受人类活动影响较强烈的长三角地区海岛、近岸岛及河口岛潮下带大型底栖动物物种数及多样性指数明显低于其他海岛,说明目前中国海岛潮下带大型底栖动物群落结构已受人类活动的明显干扰.

Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of macrobenthos at subtidal zone in islands, China

Based on the data of Comprehensive Investigation and Assessment of Chinese Coastal Waters (908 surveys), 26 representative islands were selected according to the island types and their locations, to analyze the spatial and temporal variation of macrobenthos community at subtidal zone of Chinese islands. Totally 767 macrobenthos species were recorded at subtidal zone of these 26 islands. Among these species, polychaeta, mollusca and crustacea were the dominant groups, while echinoderm had lower species numbers. The species numbers were obvious different among the 26 islands, with value increasing southward. For species number, inhabit density and Shannon-Wiener index, the descending orders of their values were spring> summer> winter> autumn, but it was autumn> spring> summer> winter for biomass. In those islands with intense human activities, such as islands in Yangtze River Delta, alongshore-islands and estuarine-islands, species number of macrobenthos and Shannon-Wiener index were lower than other islands, indicating that the community structure of macrobenthos was significantly disturbed by human activities.