铅锌矿区土壤-植物系统中植物吸收铅的研究

基于野外现场系统采样,结合室内全量、形态含量检测技术,分析了湘西铅锌矿区几类粮食中铅等元素的质量状况以及水稻植株中铅的吸收和分配.结果表明,湘西铅锌矿区粮食中存在高铅污染风险,与对照相比,矿区稻米、玉米、黄豆等粮食中铅的平均含量分别增加2.4倍、1.2倍和3.3倍.粮食铅含量因品种不同、采集部位不同而异,铅含量由高到低依次为:黄豆＞稻米＞玉米(粮食品种间),根＞茎叶＞籽粒(植株部位间),稻根对铅表现出极强的束缚力和耐受性.相关分析显示稻根中的铅主要来自土壤,而水稻地上部分的铅则可能主要源自大气.矿区粮食中汞、镉、铅等多种重金属共同富集,亟需开展矿区粮食中重金属复合污染的机理及其健康风险研究.

Uptake by Plant in Soil-Plant System at Lead-Zinc Deposit Area of Western Hunan Province

Contents of lead in several crops as well as its uptake and distribution by paddy in typical lead-zinc deposit area of western Hunan province were studied based on field systematic sampling and laboratory analysis. The average concentration of lead in rice, maize and soy bean in the deposit was 2.4, 1.2 and 3.3 times higher than that in control area, respectively, suggesting that crops in the deposit were heavily contaminated by the element. Significant difference of the lead concentrations in crops was found among different crop species and different organs of the same crops. The average concentration of lead followed the trend: soy bean > rice > maize (among crop species), and root > haulm > seed (among organs). Paddy root exhibited strong binding and tolerant capacity to lead. Correlation analysis indicated that soil lead was main retention in paddy root, whereas the gaseous lead might be the main source for lead in the aerial part of crop. Heavy metals such as Hg, Cd as well as Pb co-enriched in crops, therefore the mechanism and health risk of the combined pollution of heavy metals in the deposit crops should be paid attention to.