基于卫星遥感的生态保护红线人类活动提取方法研究

目前全国生态保护红线划定工作基本结束,开展生态保护红线监管工作事关国家生态安全,是今后我国生态保护的重要举措和重点工作。依托国家生态保护红线监管平台监管业务系统,研究基于卫星遥感的生态保护红线人类活动提取方法和流程,并以宁夏为例,验证其科学性和可靠性。结果显示:基于卫星遥感技术构建的方法精度较高,可操作性较强,为生态保护红线人类活动监管提供了思路;使用该技术方法的作业效率相比人工解译提升了2~3倍,提取的宁夏生态破坏问题图斑准确率达到66%,人类活动提取准确率更是达到95%,能够满足生态保护红线人类活动监管需求;宁夏55%的县(区、市)生态保护红线内发现新增和规模扩大人类活动,从空间分布来看,主要集中在西部和南部,北部和中部分布较少,其中彭阳县、沙坡头区和中宁县人类活动影响面积最大。

Research and Practice on Extraction Method of Human Activities in Ecological Conservation Redline Based on Satellite Remote Sensing

At present,the demarcation of the national ecological conservation redline has been basically completed,and the supervision of ecological conservation redline is related to national ecological security,which is an important measure and key work of ecological protection in China in the future.Relying on the supervision business system of the national ecological conservation redline supervision platform,the human activity extraction method and process of the ecological conservation redline based on satellite remote sensing were studied,and Ningxia was taken as an example to verify its scientificity and reliability.The results showed that the method constructed based on satellite remote sensing technology had a high accuracy,strong operability,which provided ideas for the supervision of human activities in the ecological conservation redline.The operation efficiency of the technical method used in this paper was 2-3 times higher compared with manual interpretation,the accuracy rate of the extracted ecological damage problem map spot in Ningxia reached 66%,the accuracy of human activity extraction reached 95%,which met the regulatory needs of ecological conservation redline.In Ningxia,55% of counties (districts and cities) were found to have increased or expanded human activities within the ecological conservation redline.In terms of the spatial distribution,human activities mainly concentrated in the in the western and southern parts of Ningxia,with a small distribution in the northern and central parts.Among them,Pengyang County,Shapotou District and Zhongning County had the largest area affected by human activities.