城镇排水系统运行效能评价指标体系的构建与研究

排水系统是城镇一个重要的基础设施，其运行效能评价对于城镇水环境治理维护和绿色低碳发展具有重要意义。对国内外相关研究成果从以下三方面进行了梳理和分析：首先，运行效能评价研究按评价目标的不同可分为内涝和溢流的控制、管网性能的预测与诊断、排水系统的规划与运营、安全风险类评估和综合性评价五类，阐明了这五类评价指标体系的研究现状，总结了其常用指标；其次，分析各评价指标体系的构建流程，可归纳为“调研准备”“指标构建”“赋分评价”三个阶段，归纳了常用评价指标筛选方法，并指出其中最关键的部分在于第三阶段的评价方法的选择，即指标赋权和最终评价结果的计算；最后，对文献中的各类评价方法进行了分析，结果表明基于层次分析主观定权法的综合评价法是当前研究中的常用方法，可以解决评价过程中产生的不确定性、不一致性、模糊化、定量化等问题；同时也概述了客观定权方法如熵权法、神经网络、组合定权等方法的特点和适用性。研究指出关于智慧水务和平稳输送的效能评价还比较缺乏，而随着物网联、人工智能、在线监测等技术的快速发展以及海量可靠的排水系统相关数据的出现，将给以客观定权法为主流的新评价方法的开发应用带来契机。本研究可为完善排水系统运行效能评价指标体系并计算准确评价结果提供参考。

Establishment and study on the evaluation index system for operational efficiency of urban drainage systems

The drainage system is an important infrastructure in urban areas, of which the operational efficiency evaluation is of great significance for urban water environment governance and maintenance, as well as green and low-carbon development. This article summarized and analyzed the relevant research achievements at home and abroad from the following three aspects: firstly, operational efficiency evaluation research can be divided into five categories according to different evaluation objectives: control of waterlogging and overflow, prediction and diagnosis of pipeline network performance, planning and operation of drainage systems, safety risk assessment, and comprehensive evaluation. The research status of these five types of evaluation indicator systems was clarified, and their commonly used indicators were summarized. Secondly, the establishment process of each evaluation indicator system was analyzed, which can be summarized into three stages: “research preparation”, “indicator construction”, and “scoring evaluation”. The commonly used evaluation indicator screening methods was summarized. It was pointed out that the most crucial part lied in the third stage, namely indicator weighting and calculation of the final evaluation results. Finally, various evaluation methods in the literature were analyzed and the results showed that the comprehensive evaluation method based on the subjective weighting method of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was a commonly used method in current research, which can solve problems such as uncertainty, inconsistency, fuzzification, and quantification that arise during the evaluation process. Moreover, it also outlined the characteristics and applicability of objective weighting methods such as entropy weighting, neural networks, and combination weighting and so on. The article pointed out that there was still a lack of efficiency evaluation on smart water services and smooth transportation. With the rapid development of technologies such as IOT, artificial intelligence, and online monitoring, as well as the emergence of massive and reliable data related to drainage systems, the development and application of new evaluation methods with objective weighting as the mainstream will be given opportunities. This study can provide reference for improving the evaluation index system for the operational efficiency of drainage systems and calculating accurate evaluation results.