关于制定地下水修复目标上限值 (风险管制值) 的建议

修复目标值是评判场地修复是否合格以及修复后地块能否安全利用的唯一标准，因此制定合理的修复目标值对于污染场地修复治理和安全利用起着至关重要的作用。大部分污染场地需要同时进行土壤和地下水修复，生态环境部发布了《建设用地土壤污染修复目标值制定指南 (试行) 》，然而地下水修复目标值制定的指南标准尚未发布。少数项目制定的地下水修复目标值过于宽松，无法保障地块的风险可控和安全利用。因此，建议借鉴土壤环境管理的思路，制定一个类似于“土壤管制值”的“地下水修复目标上限值 (风险管制值) ”。该值的制定不能只基于风险评估计算的结果，而应充分考虑每种污染物各自的理化性质、迁移转化归趋机制、环境赋存特征、健康和环境风险、国外同类标准的取值、检测方法的准确度和成本、经济社会承受能力等因素，力争做到合规合法、科学严谨、综合平衡。

Suggestion for setting upper limit values of groundwater remediation targe values

Remediation target values are the only criterion for evaluating whether the site cleaned up and whether the remediated land can be safely utilized. Therefore, developing a reasonable remediation target value plays a crucial role in the remediation and safe redevelopment of contaminated sites. Most of contaminated sites need cleaning up both soil and groundwater. Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China published guidelines for setting soil remediation target values. However, there has been a long-term absence of guidelines for setting groundwater remediation target values. For some site remediation projects, the groundwater remediation target values were too loose to ensure the risk is under control and the remediated land can be safely utilized. Therefore, this article suggests drawing on the ideas of soil environmental management to develop a groundwater remediation target upper limit value similar to the soil risk intervention value. Development of this value should not be solely based on the results of risk assessment calculations, but should fully consider the physical and chemical properties, fate and transport mechanisms, environmental occurrence characteristics, health and environmental risks, values of similar foreign standards, accuracy and cost of detection methods, and economic and social affordability of each pollutant.