REVEGETATION OF WASTE FLY ASH LAGOONS II. SEEDLING TRANSPLANTS AND PLANT NUTRITION |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia;2. Department of Architecture, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia;3. Hume Concrete Products Research Centre (HCPRC), Bangunan PanGlobal, Jalan Tandang, 46050 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia;1. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, S.C. Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, 76703 Querétaro, Mexico;2. Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla, No. 3001, Querétaro, Mexico;3. Faculty of Environment, John Wesley Theological College, Danko utca 11, Budapest 1086, Hungary;1. Center for Engineering Research, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;2. School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;3. Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31451, Saudi Arabia;4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dammam 31261, Saudi Arabia;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-338, South Korea;2. Department of Nuclear Safety Research, Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety (KINS), 62 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-338, South Korea;1. Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia;2. University of South Australia (UniSA), Adelaide 5001, Australia |
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| Abstract: | As an alternative or in addition to direct seeding, container-grown transplants provide a means of economically and rapidly revegetating waste fly ash lagoons through the expeditious establishment of vegetation islands. Survival and growth ofEnchylaena tomentosaandNitraria billardiereitransplants were largely dependent on the size of the root volume at transplanting. Growth response of both species in fly ash increased significantly as transplant container size increased from 110 ml to 800 ml. Fly ash incorporated into the potting mix during the containerised stage of growth generally reduced plant growth and survival following eventual transplantation. Gradual hardening ofEnchylaena tomentosaseedlings to increasing concentrations of fly ash in the potting mix (25 to 50 to 75% fly ash), however, improved immediate survival following transplantation, into pure ash. Nitrogen deficiency in Port Augusta fly ash was a major nutritional limitation to growth of these two species. Growth and dry matter production responded optimally to application of N fertiliser (NH4NO3) at 100–150 kg N ha?1. Although bicarbonate-extractable P levels in fly ash were high (over 250 mg kg?1), a response ofEnchylaena tomentosato supplementary P application Ca(H2PO4)2.H2O] at 100–200 kg P ha?1was observed.N. billardiereidid not respond to supplementary P, and it was suggested that fly ash P may be selectively available to plants on a species dependent basis. No growth responses to K application (KCl) at rates of up to 400 kg K ha?1were found. |
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