LAND TREATMENT OF PRODUCED OILY SAND: FIELD RESULTS |
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| Institution: | 1. Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433-7765, U.S.A.;2. Conoco Inc, Ponca City, OK, 74602, U.S.A.;1. School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea;2. Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute, 215, Jinheung-ro, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul, 03367, Republic of Korea;3. Nanjing Green-water Environment Engineering Limited by Share Ltd, China;4. Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61, Daehak-ro, Gumi, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39177, Republic of Korea;1. Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey;2. Department of Business Information Technology, Pamplin College of Business, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA;3. Research School of Management, ANU College of Business and Economics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;4. School of Business, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;5. ICRON Technologies, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey;1. State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects and Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province. Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;2. Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;3. Department of Biotechnology, Akhuwat-Faisalabad Institute of Research Science and Technology, Faisalabad, Pakistan;4. Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;5. State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China |
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| Abstract: | Land treatment techniques successfully treated oily waste generated during the production of crude oil. Over 13 years of safe operations have demonstrated the environmental acceptability of the method. Natural biodegradation processes removed nearly 80% of the applied waste oil. The oily fraction of the waste had an average half-life in the soil of approximately 3 years, with significant variability between years. There was a slight increase in the proportion of heavy hydrocarbons (resins and asphaltenes) in the soil, suggesting the preferential degradation of the lighter constituents. Metals of environmental concern did not accumulate in, or migrate from, the plowzone of the soil. |
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